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This 2028 Special Issue presents recent developments and achievements in the field of Mechanism and Machine Science coming from the Italian community with international collaborations and ranging from theoretical contributions to experimental and practical applications. It contains selected contributions that were accepted for presentation at the Second International Conference of IFToMM Italy, IFIT2018, that has been held in Cassino on 29 and 30 November 2018. This IFIT conference is the second event of a series that was established in 2016 by IFToMM Italy in Vicenza. IFIT was established to bring together researchers, industry professionals and students, from the Italian and the international community in an intimate, collegial and stimulating environment. Related Books Advances of Machine Design in Italy 2022 Engineering Advances in Italian Robotics Engineering Innovative Robot Designs and Approaches Engineering Machines, Mechanisms and Robots Computer Science & Mathematics ... M

There is a notable and rising interest in natural pharmaceutical products that are not only healthy but also safe for human consumption. This trend underscores the critical necessity for research that advances public health and enhances consumer well-being. This Special Issue is focused on several key areas: (1) The powerful antimicrobial properties of plants, lichens, fungi, and algae used in traditional medicine, along with cutting-edge trends in biotechnology and pharmaceutical products for both human and veterinary use. Our aim is to showcase the latest advances and propel further research in this vital field. (2) Innovative plant-derived products that demonstrate exceptional antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antihelminthic properties. (3) The relationship between the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various plant secondary metabolites. (4) The strategic application of essential oils and other plant-derived products in food packaging to decisively prevent microbial contamination. (5) The profound impact of phytochemicals from plants, lichens, fungi, and algae on gut and oral microbiota, fostering a balanced and healthy life. (6) The latest and most compelling findings concerning plant, lichen, fungal, and algal ingredients as functional foods that play a crucial role in the prophylaxis and complementary therapy of infectious diseases.

Global warming is an undisputed fact, and climate change further exacerbates the variability in the distribution and pattern of precipitation. The frequency and intensity of extreme climate events have increased significantly in the context of global climatic change, and these events have a profound impact on forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is critical to understand the response and feedback of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes. Tree rings are one of the best proxy data for understanding long-term climate and environmental changes. The aim of this reprint is to investigate in depth the responses of tree growth to climate change and climate extremes, and to reconstruct past climate changes based on proxy data from tree rings. We have collated 17 high-quality research paper, exploring the relationship between tree rings and vegetation indices, analyzing the responses of different tree-ring parameters (including tree ring width, stable carbon isotopes, density and blue intensity) to climate, and further exploring the impact of climate extremes and droughts on tree growth. In addition, past temperature and streamflow changes across different regions have also been reconstructed. We hope that these studies will promote the development of dendrochronology research.

Severe pathologies, such as the diffuse liver diseases or tumors, can lead to the significant degradation of the human health and sometimes to lethal stages. The most reliable methods for the diagnosis of these affections, such as the classical biopsy or surgery, are invasive and dangerous. Advanced computerized methods are urgently needed to reduce invasiveness and enhance the information derived from medical images as much as possible by unveiling their subtle aspects, conducting to a virtual biopsy. Computer Vision and Machine Learning can be successfully employed to achieve this target. Thus, advanced image analysis combined with conventional machine learning, as well as the deep learning techniques, can lead to a highly accurate automatic diagnosis process. The corresponding features, together with the classification, segmentation, fusion of multiple image modalities, and 3D reconstruction techniques, can be involved in the achievement of appropriate 2D and 3D models for the considered affections, which are helpful in computer-aided diagnosis and surgery. The purpose of the special issue “Deep Learning for Pathology Detection and Diagnosis in Medical Imaging” is that of offering the opportunity to disseminate valuable and original results achieved in the corresponding field, surprising the latest, deep-learning  techniques, eventually compared and combined with conventional methods.

This reprint discussed Coding and compression; Content storing and management; Electronic media; Internet technology; Image and video signals; Multimedia processing; Quality of experience (QoE); Quality of service (QoS); Signal processing; Streaming services; Subjective and objective metrics; User experience (UX). Related Books Digital Signal, Image and Video Processing for Emerging Multimedia Technology Engineering Image and Signal Processing Engineering Application and Theory of Multimedia Signal Processing Using Machine Learning or Advanced Methods Engineering Image and Video Processing and Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence (Volume II) Engineering Image and Video Processing and Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distrib

The book contains papers published in a Special Issue of Axioms, entitled "New Developments in Geometric Function Theory". An Editorial describes the 14 papers devoted to the study of complex-valued functions which present new outcomes related to special classes of univalent and bi-univalent functions, new operators and special functions associated with differential subordination and superordination theories, fractional calculus, and certain applications in geometric function theory. Related Books Geometrical Theory of Analytic Functions Computer Science & Mathematics New Developments in Geometric Function Theory II Computer Science & Mathematics Recent Developments of Function Spaces and Their Applications I Computer Science & Mathematics Analytical and Computational Methods in Differential Equations, Special Functions, Transmutations and Integral Transforms Computer Science & Mathematics Differential Geometry Computer Science & Mathematics The recommendations have been generated

Semiconductor lasers are key components in many optical systems due to their advantages, including their small size, low cost, high efficiency, and low power consumption. It is well-known that semiconductor lasers under external perturbations, such as optical injection, optical feedback, or delayed coupling can exhibit a large variety of complex dynamical behaviors. Nowadays, cutting-edge engineering applications based on the complex dynamics of diode lasers are being conducted in areas, such as optical communications, optical signal processing, encoded communications, neuro-inspired ultra-fast optical computing devices, microwave signal generation, RADAR and LIDAR applications, biomedical imaging, and broadband spectroscopy. The prospects for these applications are even more exciting with the advent of photonic integrated circuits. This Special Issue focuses on theoretical and experimental advances in the nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to different types of exter

The existence of financial intermediaries is arguably an artifact of information asymmetry. Beyond simple financial transactions, financial intermediation provides a mechanism for information transmission, which can reduce the degree of information asymmetry and consequently increase market efficiency. During the process of information transmission, the bank is able to provide unique services in the production and exchange of information. Therefore, banks have comparative advantages in information production, transmission, and utilisation. This book provides an overview of commercial banking and includes empirical methods in banking such risk and bank performance, capital regulation, bank competition and foreign bank entry, bank regulation on bank performance, and capital adequacy and deposit insurance. Related Books Bank Management, Finance and Sustainability Business & Economics Sustainability, Digital Transformation and Fintech: The New Challenges of the Banking Industry Business

Plants are recognized as a natural source of bioactive compounds, which can be obtained using different solvents and extraction methods. These effects resulted from the abundance of valuable compounds belonging to groups such as polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, tocopherols and tocotrienols, fatty acids, terpenes, polysaccharides, and compound complexes. The extraction process of these compounds depends on their chemical nature. A proper extraction method is required to achieve a higher yield and a more concentrated bioactive compound solution. The extraction process for these compounds is determined by their chemical nature and can be modified by various factors to increase its effectiveness (and, if possible, improve environmental safety). This Reprint comprises 16 articles presenting new achievements in the utilization of waste and by-products as sources of valuable compounds in extraction processes, the optimization of hydrophilic and lipophilic extraction of compounds from a diversity of plant sources, and investigations of the biological properties of extracts.

This Reprint showcases the latest breakthroughs in the design and optimization of heat exchanger networks and thermal energy systems. It emphasizes innovative strategies aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in industrial processes through modern modeling techniques, thermodynamic evaluations, and retrofitting methods. The contributions include advancements in digital tools for process integration, analyses related to exergy–pinch, and strategies for recovering heat from electrified and decarbonized systems. Several case studies illustrate real-world applications, such as the incorporation of heat pumps, effective waste-heat utilization, and hybrid systems that support the transition to sustainable energy. It provides essential insights for engineers, researchers, and decision-makers focused on minimizing carbon emissions and operational costs while promoting sustainability in thermal energy systems.

The research and development on energy harvesting and energy storage methodology are growing very rapidly. Hence, a summary of recent advances in energy harvesting and energy storage methodology is needed. This reprint discusses the recent developments in energy harvesting and energy storage systems. Sustainable development systems are based on three pillars: economic development, environmental stewardship, and social equity. One of the guiding principles for finding the balance between these pillars is to limit the use of non-renewable energy sources.

At present, data is constantly generated across various industries, including the internet. New technologies have emerged to trace data origins and assess their potential for collection, quantification, decoding, and analysis. Big data, signals, and images are of particular importance due to the wealth of domain-specific information they hold. These data play a critical role in addressing issues like national security, cybersecurity, marketing, medical informatics, and fraud detection. Deep learning techniques have gained immense popularity. They empower the analysis and understanding of vast amounts of unsupervised data, making them invaluable for processing when raw data lack categorization and labels. These applications extend to working with medical images and signal processing for wellness devices, remote monitoring, and neural devices. In industrial settings, data can be used for early warning systems in assembly lines, while massive datasets can be derived from electronic heal

The Special Issue provides twelve contributions, of which three original articles, seven narrative reviews, one systematic review, and one meta-analysis that, altogether, offer a multifaceted and multidisciplinary overview that allows to draw a picture as intriguing and fascinating as possible on the benefits of curcumin and also to suggest potential fields of activities still to be explored. Among the biological activities exerted by curcumin, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties reported in many studies make it a potential effective tool in preventing and counteracting chronic-degenerative diseases, very often associated with obesity and aging, such as cardiovascular diseases, T2D, metabolic dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, all of them characterized by the presence of oxidative and inflammatory processes. The main concerns that arise from the evaluation of the preventive/therapeutic effects of curcumin are, first of all, the still small number of

In the field of magnetic sensing, a wide variety of different magnetometer and gradiometer sensor types, as well as the corresponding read-out concepts, are available. Well-established sensor concepts such as Hall sensors and magnetoresistive sensors based on giant magnetoresistances (and many more) have been researched for decades. The development of these types of sensors has reached maturity in many aspects (e.g., performance metrics, reliability, and physical understanding), and these types of sensors are established in a large variety of industrial applications. Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect are a relatively new type of magnetic sensor. The potential of magnetoelectric sensors has not yet been fully investigated. Especially in biomedical applications, magnetoelectric sensors show several advantages compared to other concepts for their ability, for example, to operate in magnetically unshielded environments and the absence of required cooling or heating sys

This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties. Related Books Advanced Pharmaceutical Analytical Technology Biology & Life Sciences Analytical Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Chemistry & Materials Science Method Development and Validation in Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis Medicine & Pharmacology ... Advances in Chemical Analysis Procedures (Part I) Medicine & Pharmacology ... Applications of Liquid Chromatography in Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products Public Health & Healthcare The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Di

Building on the first Special Issue reprint “Electroanalysis of Biochemistry and Materials Chemistry”, which focused on the controllable synthesis and electrochemical performance analysis of advanced materials using electrochemical technologies, we are pleased to present the second reprint of this Special Issue. In this collection, electrochemical technologies are primarily employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of various advanced material substrates, such as ultrahigh strength steel, magnetic materials, bearing steel and alloy bipolar plates. This is a core research topic in the field of advanced material protection. The main current strategies to improve the corrosion resistance of advanced material substrates include additive introduction, heterogeneous element doping and post-processing modification. Notably, the distribution and utilization of additives within the material matrix have a significant impact on the final corrosion resistance performance. Moreover, benefiting from their large specific surface area, high porosity, well-defined crystal structure and excellent biological compatibility, metal–organic frameworks have been widely applied to construct electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors, as well as recognition elements for electrochemical biosensors targeting food contaminant detection. Accordingly, this reprint compiles recent research advances in the above-mentioned fields. It provides valuable references for the application of electrochemical technology in biochemistry and materials chemistry and promotes the development of related fields.

The questions of how to plan, develop, and utilize limited land resources are common challenges faced by many cities. This Reprint focuses on the theme of urban land development in the process of urbanization, including sustainable urban land development, urban land use/land cover mapping and changes, spatial–temporal evolution, influencing factors of urban land development, urban management and planning, urban expansion and shrinkage, and big data and urban planning. What distinguishes this Reprint is its close integration of theoretical innovation and practical application. We hope that this Reprint will provide useful insights for researchers, policymakers, and students engaged in land development, urban management, and related fields.

The aim of this Special Issue is to illustrate the state of the art of advanced manufacturing processes, giving a unique relevance to recent developments achieved in this field, which may provide innovative engineering solutions to the industry. It encompasses 11 original research papers, each addressing different areas of manufacturing technology. Specifically, four papers address material welding and joining, five papers are focused on subtractive manufacturing (machining/cutting processes), one paper addresses material forming, and one paper focuses on dimensional control in assembly. Different research topics and different methodological approaches have been studied or followed among the works published in this Special Issue, highlighting its multidisciplinary nature. The publications in this Special Issue come from various research groups spread widely across the world. The level of expertise among the researchers who have contributed to this Special Issue is outstanding, constituting the excellence of this compilation of scientific articles for the manufacturing sector.

This reprint focuses on land use change processes and their driving mechanisms, ecological risks and eco-environmental effects. The spatio-temporal pattern changes and key driving factors of cultivated land, urban land, wetland, ecological land and mining land were studied at national or regional scales, such as in China, the Tibetan Plateau, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yellow River Basin, urban agglomeration and mountainous areas. The economic or ecological efficiency, ecological risks and environmental effects of typical land use changes, e.g., the effects of ecological restoration on critical services, the impact of planting structure changes on water resources and the impacts of urban expansion on food security and air pollution, as well as the environmental risks of chemical fertilizer application and coal-mining, were analyzed in depth using multi-source data and multiple methods. Revealing land use change characteristics and their potential ecological risks and impacts on foo

This reprint includes papers published in the Special Issue entitled “Land Modifications and Impacts on Coastal Areas”, with the aim of collecting multidisciplinary studies concerning the evaluation of natural and anthropic drivers inducing coastal morphodynamic modifications as well as coastal environmental changes. The volume presents studies carried out by means of in situ surveys as well as analysing remote sensing data. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview on different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Bulgaria, Cameroon, Ecuador, Ghana, Italy, Mexico, North Carolina (USA), and Spain are included in this Special Issue. It is hoped that the findings will be of interest for a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially for researchers and academics who could utilise exploit the provided approaches and methodologies. Related Books Coastal Dynamic and Evolution Environmental & Earth Sciences Coa

This Special Issue draws attention to religious transformations currently emerging in the Middle East that diverge from the dominating rhetoric surrounding ‘radicalization’, ‘political Islam’, or the ‘Islamic awakening’. Particularly after the Arab uprisings, other currents seem to be coming more to the fore that need careful examination, such as the contemporary realities of religious ambivalence, religious doubts, disengagement from religious movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, the search for alternative forms of spirituality or individualized piety, de-veiling, and different forms of non-conformism, free thinking, non-belief, and atheism. Accordingly, the contributions to this Special Issue provide highly relevant insights into several contemporary debates that are crucial in the social sciences and religious studies. This includes processes of individualization; the study of everyday lived (non-)religion; the anthropology of doubt, ambivalence, and ambiguity; and, last but

Visual servoing is a well-known approach to guide robots using visual information. Image processing, robotics, and control theory are combined in order to control the motion of a robot depending on the visual information extracted from the images captured by one or several cameras. With respect to vision issues, a number of issues are currently being addressed by ongoing research, such as the use of different types of image features (or different types of cameras such as RGBD cameras), image processing at high velocity, and convergence properties. As shown in this book, the use of new control schemes allows the system to behave more robustly, efficiently, or compliantly, with fewer delays. Related issues such as optimal and robust approaches, direct control, path tracking, or sensor fusion are also addressed. Additionally, we can currently find visual servoing systems being applied in a number of different domains. This book considers various aspects of visual servoing systems, such a

The rising presence of persistent and emerging contaminants in our water sources presents a significant challenge to traditional treatment methods. This Special Issue showcases groundbreaking research on how nanotechnology and advanced materials can deliver innovative solutions to tackle this urgent issue. The published contributions cover a wide range of nanomaterials, including metal oxides, plasmonic and magnetic systems, bio-based and polymeric materials, and hybrid nanocomposites, and employ several mechanisms, such as advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, and integrated catalytic–physical approaches. Importantly, several studies move beyond laboratory-scale experiments to address flow reactors, hybrid systems, and portable devices under realistic conditions. This Special Issue takes interest in innovative materials, eco-friendly synthesis methods, sustainability, and ecotoxicity assessments. It aims to connect fundamental research with real-world solutions for water decontamination, emphasizing a practical approach.

This Reprint gathers 13 papers that showcase current advances in petroleum and natural gas engineering, with emphasis on hydraulic fracturing, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and drilling technologies. The studies highlight innovations in fracturing fluids, proppants, monitoring methods, and fracture modeling, as well as approaches to reduce environmental impacts. Research on EOR covers chemical, thermal, and gas injection methods, case studies of successful applications, and integration with reservoir management. Developments in drilling focus on optimization strategies, wellbore stability, cost reduction, and the use of new materials in challenging environments. Together, these contributions provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of key innovations driving efficiency and sustainability in the exploration and production of petroleum and natural gas.