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This book compiles research on Enterobacterales characterization concerning the presence of genes associated with virulence (adhesins; surface cellulose structures and curli; siderophores, e.g., enterobactin, aerobactin, and yersiniabactin; protectines; invasins or toxins), and, furthermore, bacterial-biofilm-associated phenotypes. Although not directly involved in pathogenicity, the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistances strongly supports the success of opportunistic Enterobacterales pathogens in invasion, survival, and spread and markedly complicates the treatment of infections. Not only pathogens, but also commensal bacteria, considered harmless and part of the normal microbiota, are exposed to selection pressure and can be a reservoir of mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria within a commensal population and the possibility to exchange genetic material through horizontal gene transfer may represe

Deep biosphere research is at the scientific frontier of bio- and geo-related sciences, yet it is largely underexplored. In terms of volume, deep subsurface settings represent some of the largest microbial habitats on the planet, and the combined biomass of the deep biosphere encompasses the largest living reservoir of carbon, excluding land plants. However, the paleo-record of the deep biosphere is still largely uncharted and neglected. The aim of this book is to highlight current research on deep life through time and bring together researchers with various perspectives. The book presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of forefront research in this field. The contributions involve a range of case studies of deep ancient life in continental and oceanic settings, of microbial diversity in sub-seafloor environments, and of the isolation of calcifying bacteria, as well as reviews on clay mineralization of fungal biofilms and on the carbon isotope records

This Reprint brings together recent advances in photonic metamaterials, highlighting novel nanofabrication techniques and diverse applications across sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting. The collection features tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces leveraging materials such as graphene and vanadium dioxide, alongside innovative designs for telecommunications, augmented reality optics, imaging, and biosensing. Together, these contributions demonstrate the field's progress toward dynamic, multifunctional devices with engineered electromagnetic properties that transcend natural material limitations.

Over the past two decades, the rapid development of functional genomics has gradually clarified the regulatory effects of genotypes on phenotypes. Crop breeding researchers have discovered numerous genes influencing critical traits such as yield, resistance, and quality. By targeting these genes, scientists have achieved a more customized variety of breeding through biological breeding. Crop functional genomics research is a vital pathway for biological breeding. Understanding the functional genomics of crops provides deep insights into the genetic mechanisms controlling key traits like yield, stress resistance, and quality improvement. The goal of this Special Issue in Plants, “Crop Functional Genomics and Biological Breeding”, is to present an overview of the latest research and discoveries in crop functional genomics from plant journals, including studies on gene responses to stresses through whole-genome and transcriptome analyses and the identification and cloning of new genes related to crop yield, resistance, germination, and quality, and also covers functional analyses of these genes and their applications in biological breeding. We welcome all readers to this Reprint that covers several fields: the genetic and functional characterization of genes regulating critical agronomic traits or plant development; the genetic improvement in crops using modern biotechnologies, such as gene editing; and the discovery, characterization and application of germplasm resources with elite characteristics.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the advances in gem characterisation using principally non-destructive means. The proper identification of gems is an ever-increasing challenge, especially with harder-to-detect treatments and the new demands on geographical origin determination. In order to grow, gemmology requires valuable inputs from other fields of science, as well as more fundamental studies concerning gems. Hopefully, this series of articles will contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of some gems. Related Books Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Gems Environmental & Earth Sciences Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Geological Materials Environmental & Earth Sciences Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Ruby Environmental & Earth Sciences Characterization of Metallic Materials Engineering Diamond Crystals Computer Science & Mathematics ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Boa

The Special Issue “Laser Technologies in Metal-Based Materials” offers a harmonious presentation of the recent achievements in the field of laser-induced physical and chemical phenomena that have evolved into laser techniques to produce diverse functional metal materials and structures. The presented results provide new ideas for researchers, and new solutions for science-consuming manufacturing and industry. Related Books Advances in Laser Materials Processing Engineering Effects of Laser Treatment on Surface Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Alloys Chemistry & Materials Science ... Advanced Pulse Laser Machining Technology Public Health & Healthcare ... Laser Processing and Multi-Energy Field Manufacturing of High-Performance Materials Engineering Laser Assisted Manufacturing Engineering ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Acc

Dietary fat quality is a crucial determinant of several physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in the body, tissues and cells. As a source of energy, Fatty Acids (FA) are mainly stored in fat cells and within lipid droplets (LD) in oxidative and steroidogenic tissues, but significant amounts are also found in cell membranes where their structural role is crucial for membrane protein functions and the control of cellular functions. Differential effects have been identified between different types FA on inflammatory and metabolic diseases during obesity or in response to physical exercise and chronic diseases. The most recent dietary guidelines advise that lipids should represent 35\% of the daily energy intake in order to prevent deleterious effects of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and deficiency in essential fatty acids. Hence, the prevalence of obesity could rise dramatically despite a fall in total fat intake. Advice is more focused on the improvement of the quality

With an introduction on how to redefine our thinking about religion and theatrical drama, these nine essays on contemporary and classic plays rehabilitate the link between theatrical performance and dramatic stories for the study of religion. These new and distinctively interdisciplinary perspectives will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of religion, theology, theatre and performance studies, literary studies, and philosophy. Related Books Religion and Folk Belief in Chinese Literature and Theatre Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Religions in Shakespeare's Writings Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Arts, Spirituality, and Religion Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Sacred Sites, Rituals, and Performances Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Digital and Spatial Studies of Religions Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and

The ability to exploit the potential of wild relatives carrying beneficial traits is a major goal in breeding programs. However, it relies on the possibility of the chromosomes from the crop and wild species in interspecific crosses to recognize, associate, and undergo crossover formation during meiosis, the cellular process responsible for producing gametes with half the genetic content of their parent cells. Unfortunately, in most cases, a barrier exists preventing successful hybridization between the wild and crop chromosomes. Understanding the mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis are of great interest in plant breeding and will allow chromosome manipulation to introduce genetic variability from related species into a crop. In addition to interspecific hybrids, other materials, such as natural and synthetic polyploids and introgression lines derived from allopolyploids, among others, are powerful tools in the framework of plant breeding. For example, an ext

The growing demand for foods that contain added health ingredients and/or bioactive compounds that are able to produce a nutritional benefit for consumers requires continued and increased research efforts. From this perspective, the development of new functional and fortified foods with proven new functionality, even those obtained by using alternative ingredients as well as by innovative processes, is of extreme importance. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Development of Functional and Fortified Foods” is five-fold: (1) usage of alternative sources for the development of functional/fortified foods; (2) use of by-products as functional ingredients for new foods formulation; (3) identification of novel compounds/extracts to be employed as functional ingredients; (4) novel technologies to be applied for functional/foods formulations; (5) assessment of health benefits of functional/fortified products.

The present reprint contains the articles published in the Special Issue entitled “Recent Advances in Business and Industry: Mathematical Analysis, Sustainability Assessment Instruments and Methods”. The information included is highly valuable for all readers and has the power to attract academics, researchers, managers, leaders, and policymakers alike, due to the fact that it displays a wide range of aspects considered. Besides these, the details provided are extremely valuable in today’s context, since the mathematical methods described create meaningful insights into the key dimensions of sustainability as well as sustainability assessment. The reprint promotes the paramount idea that mathematics is one of the most powerful tools that ought to be used in achieving sustainability, especially in the context in which mathematics is an integrated part of our lives, creating spectacular connections with everything surrounding us at every single step. Additionally, mathematics pervades a myriad of aspects coming from these days’ reality, showing the importance of human resources and human resources management, finance for the environment, risk and risk management, business process management, entrepreneurial ecosystems, Industry 4.0 manufacturing systems, and not only these. The reprint has the immense power to offer a better and a more in-depth understanding of how mathematics can bring its inestimable contribution to sustainable progress and economic growth centered on the people, the communities, and the environment.

Econophysics and sociophysics are interdisciplinary research fields that merge social and economic problems using techniques derived from statistical physics. While econophysics delves into financial market behavior and wealth distribution inequality, sociophysics explores opinion formation, polls and technology adoption. Over the past three decades, these interdisciplinary fields have undergone significant development, capturing ongoing interest as they strive to provide statistical descriptions of various phenomena in the realm of social sciences. This Special Issue features articles exploring the importance of risk aversion, the inevitability of condensation even in the presence of equal opportunities, and methods to mitigate inequality through wealth redistribution. The focus is on the condensed state, the dynamics leading to it and the entropy behavior as systems approach condensation. Tax and risk aversion effects, along with model variations, are detailed in several articles.

The aim of this reprint focuses on the latest protocol research, software/hardware development and implementation, and system architecture design in addressing emerging security and privacy issues for modern wireless communication networks. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following: deep-learning-based security and privacy design; covert communications; information-theoretical foundations for advanced security and privacy techniques; lightweight cryptography for power-constrained networks; physical layer key generation; prototypes and testbeds for security and privacy solutions; encryption and decryption algorithm for low-latency constrained networks; security protocols for modern wireless communication networks; network intrusion detection; physical layer design with security consideration; anonymity in data transmission; vulnerabilities in security and privacy in modern wireless communication networks; challenges of security and privacy in node–edge–cloud compu

Nematodes are one of the most important pests globally and can cause up to 14\% loss of food crops. In total, nematodes cause over USD 100 billion in global crop damage annually. To date, only a few thousand PPN species have been described. Nematode identification has traditionally relied on morphological and anatomical characters using light microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy (SCN). Lately, integrative studies combining molecular diagnosis with morphology and taxonomy have been used to accurately identify and describe nematode species. Detailed analyses of morphological and molecular data have both significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the dynamic and complex nature of plant–nematode interactions. This book includes eleven chapters that cover different aspects of nematology research, from classical morphology and taxonomy to DNA analysis and phylogeny. It also includes very useful information on the rapid detection of plant-parasitic nemat

Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers fo

Old age is increasingly becoming the focus of research and development in Europe. Concerning orthopaedics and sports medicine, the elderly especially are considered as frail patients who need support to maintain the health of their musculoskeletal systems. For this reason, several interventions regarding physical activity have been investigated in recent years in order to understand whether some programs of physical activity are better than others as conservative treatments for degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies (i.e., osteoarthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, and lower back pain). Furthermore, several investigations have been carried out to understand the best preoperative and postoperative protocols of physical activity to improve the results of orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the updated evidence concerning these topics in the form of a collection of systematic reviews of the literature. Related Books Orthopedic Treatment of Diseases and Frac

The Special Issue “The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health” presents a curated collection of cutting-edge research and reviews exploring how probiotics, prebiotics and functional foods contribute to human health. This volume highlights both studies and human trials that examine the production, formulation and efficacy of bioactive food components such as live microbial strains, ferment-derived metabolites, dietary fibers and fortified matrices. Emphasis is placed on the full continuum, from food innovation through to gut ecosystem modulation and systemic benefits — including immune regulation, metabolic health, cognitive performance and disease prevention. By bringing together multidisciplinary contributions from food science, microbiology, nutrition and clinical research, this Reprint offers an integrated perspective on how functional foods and microbial interventions can advance nutrition strategies and promote well-being across the lifespan. Authors and readers will find in this Reprint valuable insights into the latest trends in fermentation technologies, substrate–microbe synergies, microbiota–host cross-talk and translational evidence on health promotion. The collection also highlights the importance of characterizing food-matrix effects, dose–response relationships, and individual variability to guide future developments in personalized nutrition and microbiome-targeted therapies.

Professional development researchers and teacher educators have been striving to improve mathematics instruction for decades, but in many places, there has been an inertia of procedurally focused mathematics instruction that has been incredibly resistant to change. Even when specific professional development (PD) efforts have found success in certain contexts or with certain teachers, it has proven difficult to sustain and disseminate these instructional improvements on a broader scale. This Special Issue on PD for mathematics teachers includes contributions reflecting on the limitations of transformational PD (PD that seeks profound changes in mathematics instruction) and studies on innovative and incremental approaches to PD striving to make instructional changes more manageable for teachers in their busy lives and complex educational contexts, and perhaps thus more likely to sustain and spread. Some of the featured research on incremental PD breaks down transformational practices into specific pieces, whereas other studies provide teachers with choices of smaller facets of teaching upon which to focus. Overall, this Special Issue urges the field to consider how incremental approaches to PD for mathematics teachers might address some of the limitations of typical transformational efforts.

With the development of the aquatic feed industry, new feedstuff and feed additives have been developed, but their roles on the growth and immunity of different aquaculture animals remain to be examined. In addition to essential nutrients, feedstuffs and feed additives must contain some biologically active constituents to support fish growth and wellness. However, some also have adverse effects on growth performance through the introduction of undesirable materials. This Special Issue focuses on the application of feedstuffs and additives in aquaculture species’ growth and immunity, especially recently developed feedstuff and additives. Related Books Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences Advances in Aquaculture Feed Additives Biology & Life Sciences Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology Biology & Life Sciences Marine Biologically Active Compounds as Feed Additives Biology & Life Sciences Amino Acid Supplem

This reprint presents a collection of significant contributions to advancement of the application of the mathematical modeling to biomechanics and the biomedical engineering. This publication contains a particularly diverse set of contributions. For instance, Latif and co-authors review the specifications to model the upper airways before mandibular advancement surgery. Calvo-Gallego et al. propose local stress and strain tensors-derived variables as candidates for bone mechanical stimuli. Sohail et al. present a methodology for total knee arthroplasty. Latorre et al. propose the use of estimated strains to develop a methodology for plaque segmentation in arterial vessels. Lertxundi et al. simulate the blood flow and the microsphere transport during radioembolization for liver cancer treatment. Mañosas et al. combine tissue clarification, advanced microscopy and image analysis to develop a one-dimensional computational model of murine microvasculature hemodynamics. Talygin et al. obt

This Special Issue has collected and presented breakthrough research on information processing methods and their applications. Particular attention is paid to the study of the mathematical foundations of information processing methods, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, digital image processing, and the use of information technologies in medicine. Related Books Digital Image Processing: Advanced Technologies and Applications Engineering Applied Computing and Artificial Intelligence Computer Science & Mathematics Advanced Sensing and Image Processing Techniques for Healthcare Applications Engineering Advanced Image Processing and Computer Vision Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Data, Signal and Image Processing and Applications in Sensors II Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery

“Exclusive Feature Papers in Colorants” is a collection of important high-quality papers (original research articles or comprehensive review papers) published in open access. This Special Issue aims to discuss new knowledge or new cutting-edge developments in the colorants research field through selected works, in the hope of making a great contribution to the community. We intend for this issue to be the best forum for disseminating excellent research findings as well as sharing innovative ideas in the field. Related Books Feature Papers in Food Chemistry Biology & Life Sciences Feature Papers in Compounds Chemistry & Materials Science Feature Papers in Computational Chemistry Computer Science & Mathematics ... New Research Trends for Textiles, a Bright Future Chemistry & Materials Science Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Priva

Among infectious diseases, viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in the most low-income countries, particularly in young children. Most of the human viruses are all well characterized in terms of structure, life-cycle, tropism, and associated primary pathologies, but many of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying their ability to cause acute infection, persist or reactivate in the host and cause chronic and/or degenerative damage, and still need to be fully clarified. At the same time, it seems necessary to develop novel therapeutic approaches and rationale, and possibly more potent antiviral compounds that are addressed to novel targets. Related Books Antiviral Agents Biology & Life Sciences Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Cell Biology of Viral Infections Biology & Life Sciences Viral Zoonoses: Interactions and Factors Driving Virus Transmission Biology & Life Sciences Influenza Virus and Vaccination Biology & Life Scien

Vegetables are of critical importance to the human diet, providing the vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber necessary for sustaining health. In light of a rising global population and increasing demand for nutritious vegetables, there is an urgent need to enhance vegetable production, quality, and resilience to environmental challenges. Genomics and breeding research have emerged as powerful tools in achieving these objectives by unraveling the genetic bases of important traits and  developing novel technologies and applications to breed new vegetable varieties with desirable characteristics. This Special Issue, entitled “Vegetable Genomics and Breeding Research”, comprises nine insightful and original research and review articles that aspire to shed light on recent advances in understanding the genetic mechanisms behind quality and stress-resistance traits in vegetables , as well as the application of cutting-edge breeding methodologies for vegetable crops. It provides valuable insights into the molecular bases of important quality and resistance traits in vegetables, which underpin the implementation of new breeding technologies facilitating the development of new cultivars. The development of multi-omics approaches, artificial intelligence, speed breeding, and molecular breeding technologies, along with their applications in vegetable breeding, will enhance the efficiency, precision, and adaptability of vegetable breeding in the future, promising to address the needs of consumers, growers, and the global climate challenge.