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Ultra-Precision Engineering (UPE) is a comprehensive field that concerns the design, manufacture and measurement of ultra-precision components and systems. With the progress of new solutions to UPE, the demand of advanced mechatronic systems with high-performance on freedom, stroke, resolution, accuracy and bandwidth has been continuously increasing. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 excellent research papers published in Actuators, showcasing and discussing new advances in actuators and mechatronic systems for UPE as well as ultra-precision machines. Related Books Frontiers in Ultra-Precision Machining Engineering Advances in Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Applications Engineering Recent Developments in Precision Actuation Technologies Engineering Frontiers in Ultra-Precision Machining, Volume II Engineering Future Trends in Ultra-Precision Machining Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board L

Foods derived from grains and grain-based ingredients represent a crucial source of energy and nutrients for humans. Cereals are conventional food materials, while interest is growing in the utilization of pseudocereals, pulses, oilseeds, and other grains to develop various foods and food ingredients. Grain and food processing converts raw grains into functional ingredients and creates palatable and nutritious end-products. During processing, various physical and chemical changes and interactions take place, affecting the nutritional, textural, sensory, and other quality properties of the products. Methods, protocols, and equipment have been developed to process, monitor, and control processing parameters to achieve the desired end-product quality or functionality. This reprint covers diverse topics related to grain-processing innovations and the effect of both conventional and innovative grain processes on the properties of grain-derived ingredients, intermediates, and end products.

This collection of papers provides a comprehensive knowledge on several food systems, focusing on composition, new processing technologies, material structures, interactions, and functionality and digestion characteristics. This will be an excellent source of information for students, academics and industry researchers. Related Books Processing Foods: Process Optimization and Quality Assessment Biology & Life Sciences ... Effect of Processing and Cooking on Physicochemical, Sensory, and Functional Properties of Food Biology & Life Sciences Effect of Processing and Cooking on Physicochemical, Sensory, and Functional Properties of Food Biology & Life Sciences Sustainable Functional Food Processing Environmental & Earth Sciences ... Extraction and Fractionation Processes of Functional Components in Food Engineering Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Te

This new MDPI book compiles several manuscript highlighting the complexity of “Quality Evaluation of Plant-Derived Foods”. It should be of interest for students, researchers, and professors, as important data and methodologies are presented. Results available include not only fruit and plant characteristics, but also by-products valorization and pre-harvest application of coumpounds for fruit and plant quality. Related Books Quality Evaluation of Plant-Derived Foods Ⅱ Biology & Life Sciences Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Natural Products 2018 Medicine & Pharmacology Agro-Food Chain By-Products and Plant Origin Food to Obtain High-Value-Added Foods Biology & Life Sciences ... Quality Evaluation of Bee Products—Volume II Chemistry & Materials Science Vegetable and Fruit Production Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Condition

“Smart Sensing Technologies for Agriculture” is a Special Issue of Sensors that includes 14 research papers on diverse topics about the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, plants, and animals related to modern farming practices. Related Books Sensors Application in Agriculture Environmental & Earth Sciences Sensors in Agriculture Engineering Sensors in Agriculture Engineering Engineering of Smart Agriculture Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Obtaining an ISBN For Librarians MDPI Initiatives: MDPI Journals Scilit Sciforum Proceedings Series Preprints.org SciProfiles Encyclopedia JAMS Follow Us: Facebo

Today's world is witnessing a growing concern for the environment as a result of global warming, energy crises, and waste generation. The growing demand for products with a low environmental impact has led to a greater focus on sustainable and renewable materials by the scientific community. In this scenario, cellulose is one of the most prominent candidates for use in different fields of applications in a sustainable manner, due to its abundant availability from various sources. In particular, nanocellulose presents outstanding characteristics, such as renewability, a high aspect ratio, good mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, hydrogen-bonding capacity, reinforcing potential, and degradability. This Reprint reports recent achievements in the advanced preparation and emerging applications of cellulose-based materials. In particular, topics of interest include, but are not limited to, water purification, energy storage, and healthcare applications.

The rapid growth of the global population and its increasing concentration in cities is reshaping the energy landscape. By 2050, nearly 70\% of the world’s population will live in urban areas, turning cities into massive hubs of energy consumption. At the same time, the urgent need to reduce fossil fuel dependence calls for a stronger integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, large cities face limited space for local RES production, shifting the focus to suburban and peri-urban areas where photovoltaic, wind, and distributed generation can flourish. Ensuring a reliable and sustainable urban energy supply therefore requires innovative approaches to store, share, and optimally use energy produced beyond city centers. This Special Issue presents a collection of outstanding studies that explore smart solutions enabling efficient energy flows between urban demand and suburban RESs. The contributions address a wide spectrum of topics, including renewable energy communities, energy aggregation, storage technologies, demand response and management, and innovative electricity market mechanisms. Together, these works advance our understanding of how emerging green energy technologies can improve system adequacy, security, and resilience.

In today’s world of ever-increasing energy demands, combined with an environmentally and cost-driven desire to conserve resources, friction and wear are becoming increasingly important. To avoid friction and wear, save energy, protect the environment, and improve the performance of machines and systems, lubrication is one of the most effective strategies. However, design measures, new materials and coatings, a better understanding of the fundamental tribological relationships, and the predictability of tribological systems also make decisive contributions toward environmentally compatible and efficient machines and systems, with the goals of having lower energy consumption in the utilization phase, less wear, and the longer service life of mechanical systems. The visibility of German tribology is internationally characterized by the automotive industry and mechanical engineering. Despite its basic orientation, tribological research is always focused on products and machine elements like rolling and journal bearings, gears, and elastomers. Currently, tribological work is concentrating on topics such as sustainability, raw material availability, the reduction in emissions in the use phase, recyclability, defossilization in mobility and industry, and digitalization. With the 65th anniversary of the GfT, this Special Issue presents the latest tribological research and developments in Germany, with 21 insightful contributions.

The rapid development of polymer science has brought convenience to people's lives. At the same time, more and more waste is produced from the use of polymer products, which causes harm to the environment. In order to protect the living environment, scholars have researched and developed the recycling technology of waste plastics. On the other hand, many contemporary medicines contain polymers as a component, so a detailed study of the decay of such polymers, at least to their exit from the body, is required. Related Books Degradation and Recycling of Polymer Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... Natural Degradation: Polymer Degradation under Different Conditions Medicine & Pharmacology ... Polymer Biodegradation and Polymeric Biomass Valorization Environmental & Earth Sciences Modification and Processing of Biodegradable Polymers Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polymers Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been gene

In this Special Issue, authors from nine countries on five continents provide overviews on and insights into current research topics related to the ‘Genetic Complexity of Hormone-Sensitive Cancers’. The chapters cover topics on completely novel technologies and instruments revolutionizing our view of biological entities, and also, novel extensions and revisions of existing and well-established technologies such as genetic probes and bar-coding techniques, which add a new dimension to microscopy, as they allow us to visualize DNA sequences and mRNA in situ. With this Special Issue, the editors wanted to create a forum for the international biomedical research community to compile their data on the genetic complexity of cancer in a unique resource. While this collection of articles cannot certainly claim completeness in any way, it represents an attractive collection of the different aspects of hormone-dependent cancers and will hopefully encourage further targeted research. Related B

Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has gained huge interest due to its extensive application in various fields including catalysis, electronics, optics, energy, and environment. The design and controlled synthesis of advanced nanomaterials with unique properties make them highly attractive in these fields. Nanomaterials can be classified into one-, two-, and three-dimensional materials. The main characteristic of nanostructured materials is their surface reactivity due to their active surface functional groups. The control of the size, shape, and nature of nanoparticles is strongly influenced by the synthetic route applied during the preparation step (i.e. hydrothermal, solvothermal, combustion, sol-gel). The Special Issue of Nanomaterials, entitled, “Tuning the physicochemical properties of nanostructured materials through advanced preparation methods,” contains the contribution of research groups from different fields and discuss the recent developments in nanomaterials wi

Disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, heat waves, nuclear accidents, and large-scale pollution incidents take lives and incur major health problems. The majority of large-scale disasters affect the most vulnerable populations, which often comprise extreme ages, remote living areas, and endemic poverty, as well as people with low literacy. Health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) refers to the systematic analysis and management of health risks surrounding emergencies and disasters, and plays an important role in reducing the hazards and vulnerability along with extending preparedness, responses, and recovery measures. This concept encompasses risk analyses and interventions, such as accessible early warning systems, the timely deployment of relief workers, and the provision of suitable drugs and medical equipment to decrease the impact of disasters on people before, during, and after an event (or events). Currently, there is a major gap in the scientific

This book aims at promoting new and innovative studies, proposing new architectures or innovative evolutions of existing ones, and illustrating experiments on current technologies in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of distributed and cluster systems when they deal with spatiotemporal data. Related Books Spatial Big Data, BIM and advanced GIS for Smart Transformation: City, Infrastructure and Construction Engineering Big Data Computing for Geospatial Applications Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Distributed Systems and Mobile Computing Engineering Design Space Exploration and Resource Management of Multi/Many-Core Systems Engineering Architectures, Protocols and Algorithms of Sensor Networks Computer Science & Mathematics The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution

Enzymes are indispensable biological catalysts that enhance the efficiency and sustainability of modern bioprocesses. This Reprint, titled “The Characterization and Application of Enzymes in Bioprocesses”, presents a diverse collection of original research and review articles that highlight recent advances in enzymology, protein engineering and biotechnology. The articles explore a variety of enzymatic systems, such as polyphosphate kinases for ATP regeneration, cellulases for biomass conversion, and specialized enzymes for biodegrading recalcitrant plastic waste. Contributors to this Special Issue utilize multidisciplinary approaches, combining biochemistry, structural biology and computational modeling to enhance enzyme stability, specificity and catalytic activity. Key studies address critical industrial challenges, such as maintaining activity under extreme pH and temperature conditions and optimizing fermentation parameters to improve scalability and yield. From engineering biocatalysts for the food and wine industries to characterizing organelle-specific enzymes in plants, this Reprint provides significant insights into how tailored enzymes are transforming the pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental sectors. By bridging the gap between fundamental molecular characterization and practical industrial application, this collection is a valuable resource for understanding and harnessing the full potential of enzymes in a bio-based economy.

Polymeric materials play a key role in supporting the ever-increasing demand for electronics, medicines, plastics, sensors, and the transition to renewable energy sources. This is achieved through polymers’ distinct features at different structural and temporal scales (i.e., a subtle change in their atomic or mesoscopic structures leads to a totally emergent functionality). However, the design of new polymeric materials is still a lengthy process. This major challenge is related to their inability to comprehensively bridge phenomena that occur at temporal scales from tens of nanoseconds to seconds or spatial scales from nanometers to meters. Indeed, scientific datasets in this field are sparse and include only directly observable quantities, while the underlying processes are either too complex to observe directly or are completely unknown. To move towards an accelerated on-demand design for polymeric materials, recent breakthroughs in scientific machine learning (SciML) can be leveraged to explore the interactions of physics at different spatial and temporal scales. This reprint presents scientific works on SciML—e.g., physics-guided neural networks, physics-informed neural networks, physics-encoded neural networks, and neural operators—for multi-scale multi-temporal structures and mechanisms with polymer behaviors (rheology, self-assembly, phase transition, etc.).

Over the years, the development of several brain imaging techniques has provided new tools for capturing information about the structure and functions of the brain, which have proven useful in different fields, such as neurosurgery, neurology, and cognitive science. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG) has become a powerful instrument successfully employed in both clinical applications and cognitive neuroscience, since it is a non-invasive, easy-to-use, portable, and relatively low-cost tool. EEG is used for detecting and classifying a spectrum of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, traumatic brain injuries, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In summary, the processing and analyzing of EEG signals can be conveniently exploited to detect abnormalities in the case of a pathological state and improve the early diagnosis of brain diseases. This reprint contains studies regarding the application of EEG signal analysis in disease diagnosis, covering different processing methods and several neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, and sleep disorders).

Wind power took on a leading role as the primary power source during the expected realization of carbon neutrality. Currently, large horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) have become mainstream, progressing toward further increasing their size, which is not easy. For floating offshore wind turbines, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), in which the tilt of the axis of rotation is not an issue, could be superior to HAWTs. There has also been a possibility to increase the output power of small VAWTs via proximity arrangement, which could lead to small VAWT wind farms utilizing land more effectively. Furthermore, owing to the inherent characteristics of VAWTs, i.e., no wind direction dependence resulting in a simple structure, low-cost wind power generation equipment can be developed, regardless of the size and application of the VAWT. As we move toward a carbon-free society, it is important to investigate various possibilities of VAWTs. Therefore, this Special Issue collected original

Satellite measurements of night-time lights are widely recognized as a valuable indicator of human activity on Earth. These measurements capture the amount of light emitted from Earth at night and provide significant insights into a range of fields, including urbanization processes, socio-economic dynamics, local and regional GDP, economic impacts of conflicts, effects of epidemics on economic activity, and the various impacts of natural and man-made disasters. This reprint includes 16 articles that were published in the Remote Sensing Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Night-Time Light” and that highlight novel research on the remote sensing of night-time lights. The reprint aims to stimulate progress in the remote sensing research domain related to the utilization of night-time lights in a wide range of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary domains, including urban studies, ecology, economics, oceanography, sociology, epidemiology, and more.  Related Books Nighttime Lights as a Pr

Statistical methods have a long history in the analysis of hydrological data for de-signing, planning, infilling, forecasting, and specifying better models to assess scenarios of land use and climate change in catchments. The effectiveness of statistical descriptions of hydrological processes reflects the enormous complexity of hydrological systems, which makes a purely deterministic description ineffective. This book hosts 11 papers devoted to statistics in hydrology, summarizing the recent advancement in statistical methods for hydrological studies such as statistical analysis of changes in hydrometeorological variables, forecasting and prediction of hydrological elements, hydrological forecasting uncertainty analysis, the use of new statistical methodologies for engineering hydrological design under stationary/nonstationary conditions, and so on. In general, the book will contribute to the promotion of the application of statistical methods in hydrology. Related Books Statistical

Despite the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenge of realizing sustainability across the triple bottom line of social, environmental, and economic development remains an urgent priority. If anything, it is now imperative that we work towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the global challenges are significant. Many of the societal challenges represent complex problems that require multifaceted solutions drawing on multidisciplinary approaches. Engineering management involves the management of people and projects related to technological or engineering systems—this includes project management, engineering economy and technology management, as well as the management and leadership of teams. Systems engineering involves the design, integration and management of complex systems over the full life cycle—this includes requirements capture and integrated system design, as well as modelling and simulation. In addition to the theor

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem with extremely complex epidemiology involving the direct and indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and mobile genetic elements between humans, animals, and the environment. AMR is, therefore, recognized as a ‘One Health’ issue. Data that describe AMR prevalence and trends are required to enable the judicious and prudent use of antimicrobials in animals, which has implications both from veterinary and animal welfare aspects as well as from a zoonotic and public health perspective. Horses are a potential reservoir of AMR for humans due to close human–animal contact, as was demonstrated with shared human and horse methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains causing outbreaks in equine hospitals. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, considered as clinically and economically important to the AMR burden in human and veterinary medicine, has been reported in both community and clinic

This Special Issue, entitled "Advanced Welding Technology and Its Applications", highlights the latest advances in various welding processes across the field, including solid-state welding, electron beam welding, laser welding, magnetic arc welding, the ultrasonic welding process, thermal spraying, and experimental processes. Advanced welding technology are fundamental in advanced engineering materials to expand their applications. Moreover, they provide extraordinary benefits such as component cost reduction, increased productivity, and unique joint properties. This Special Issue provided an overview of various welding processes used to join light alloys, new composites, tungsten heavy alloys, and ceramics. The influence of various process parameters, structural morphology, and changes in mechanical properties have been important issues discussed in the publications. The Special Issue included current problems related to joining materials using advanced techniques, as well as innovative solutions in direct industrial applications.

Rapid transitions in the current global dairy sector are influenced by various factors ranging from technological innovations, environmental concerns, and consumer demand to policy shifts. Hence, adopting a sustainable 'state of the art'-based research approach is critical. Several recurring sustainability challenges along the entire dairy production and supply chain have been identified that need to be addressed. This has driven the need to develop and implement innovative technological solutions, such as novel processing and preservation technologies, prediction models, life cycle analysis, artificial intelligence, IoT, digitalization, etc. It is imperative that these innovations benefit and meet the demands of consumers, producers, and dependent dairy industries. Against this background, this Special Issue reprint focuses on identifying present-day challenges and future opportunities/scopes in the global dairy sector.

The significantly increased world population and accelerated climate change are strongly affecting agricultural production. These aspects, as well as the latest socio-economic limitations caused by the standoff following the COVID-19 pandemic, are part of the ongoing economic crisis bringing new challenges to modern agriculture and the need to have high production efficiency combined with high-quality products in accordance with the principles of sustainable production. These requirements are linked to all branches of agriculture: crop production, livestock production, and other links supporting the production of healthy food. To meet these challenges, advanced digital innovation techniques are more and more frequently being used, including those based on machine learning, artificial neural networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Digital Twins. They are widely applied in solving various optimization tasks in the agri-food production processes in the context of the increasing use of precision and digital farming technologies on the path from Agriculture 3.0 to 5.0. This Special Issue focused even more on the contribution of modern technology to the development and ongoing support of sustainable, regenerative, and balanced agriculture. The publications included original research, research concepts, communications, and reviews related to digital innovation, widely defined, in the agri-food sector.