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This reprint is a collection of 11 peer-reviewed articles that focus on the biology and ecology of eels. This reprint addresses the current advances and challenges in eel studies, including both the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. The reprint comprises a high diversity of selected topics on the interface between fundamental science and the management of eel resources. Topics range from genomics and environmental DNA used to detect the presence of eels and ascertain eel biomass to observations of eel abundance based on catches. Other topics addressed include the study of the swimbladder function, assessing migration patterns in estuaries, eel reproduction, the effect of water pollution, otolith studies, and the optimization of the design of passage facilities for juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Related Books Fishes and Crustaceans Biology & Life Sciences Advances in Aquaculture Ecology Research Biology & Life Sciences Ecology of Ma

Polymer science represents a domain of great interest due to the possible applications of polymers in areas that range from the most common to those that are high-tech. To achieve this, synthesis and characterization techniques, as well as the correlation of the chemical structure and morphology with their properties, is critical. From the perspective of synthesis, there are two strategies for obtaining polymers: step-growth (polyaddition, polycondensation, and reversible-deactivation radical polymerization) and chain polymerization (radical polymerization, coordinative polymerization, and cationic and anionic polymerization).The advancement of polymer applications continues to lead to the expansion of the synthesis and characterization techniques that can be facilitated by novel, smart, multifunctional polymers. There is a correlation between structure, composition, morphology, and properties of applications that leads to substantial benefits for specific applications.This Special I

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue “Multiple Roles for Landscape Ecology in Future Farming Systems” that was published in Land. This book aims to inspire landscape ecologists to explore theories and practical tools that can assist in the planning, design, modification, and development of new farming landscapes with the best environmental, economic, and social outcomes in mind. It is also hoped that it will contribute toward developing land systems and land management practices for specific landscapes that meet the goals of increased nutritious food production in the face of market and climatic variability whilst reducing environmental impacts and enhancing natural capital and assisting to drive and support the transformative changes in the socioeconomic and environmental systems of rural areas required for future food production. Related Books Agricultural Landscape Stability and Sustainable Land Management Environmental & Earth Sciences Sustainable Land Management

The prevalence of smart devices and cloud computing has led to an explosion in the amount of data generated by IoT devices. Moreover, emerging IoT applications, such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), intelligent transportation systems, and smart factories require ultra-low latency for data communication and processing. Fog/edge computing is a new computing paradigm where fully distributed fog/edge nodes located nearby end devices provide computing resources. By analyzing, filtering, and processing at local fog/edge resources instead of transferring tremendous data to the centralized cloud servers, fog/edge computing can reduce the processing delay and network traffic significantly. With these advantages, fog/edge computing is expected to be one of the key enabling technologies for building the IoT infrastructure. Aiming to explore the recent research and development on fog/edge computing technologies for building an IoT infrastructure, this book collected 10 articles. The sel

Functional polymers show unique physical and chemical properties, which can manifest as dynamic responses to external stimuli such as radiation, temperature, chemical reaction, external force, and magnetic and electric fields. Recent advances in the fabrication techniques have enabled different types of polymer systems to be utilized in a wide range of potential applications in smart structures and systems, including structural health monitoring, anti‐vibration, and actuators. The progress in these integrated smart structures requires the implementation of finite element modelling using a multiphysics approach in various computational platforms. This book presents finite element methods applied in modeling of the smart structures and materials with particular emphasis on hydrogels, metamaterials, 3D-printed and anti-vibration constructs, and fibers. Related Books Functional Polymers in Sensors and Actuators: Fabrication and Analysis Chemistry & Materials Science ... Smart and Functi

In this Special Issue, we focus on recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers and hydrogels have emerged as versatile platforms for enhancing the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients, while improving their therapeutic performance and minimizing adverse effects. This Special Issue highlights innovative strategies for the design, preparation, characterization, and application of lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and plant-derived nanoparticles, as well as hydrogel-based delivery systems, with particular emphasis on green production technologies and the nanoencapsulation of biological macromolecules.

Water is one of the essential elements sustaining human life and security. In recent years, the emergence and intensification of extreme climatic events have increasingly compromised water availability and quality, profoundly affecting people’s well-being. Periods of drought have intensified water scarcity, while, conversely, rainfall has become more intense and frequent in various regions around the world. Within this evolving climatic context, the need to evaluate, forecast, and mitigate the occurrence and effects of extreme events has become a pressing priority—not only as a subject of scientific investigation but also as a matter of great importance for policymakers and decision-makers seeking to prevent or reduce their inherent impacts. Therefore, this reprint focuses on a range of interrelated topics, including the influence of climate change on water runoff processes, the projection of flash-flood susceptibility under different climate scenarios, and the variability of maximum river discharges in response to changing climatic conditions. It also addresses the impacts of climate change on the frequency and severity of droughts, the challenges of assessing risk and uncertainty in detecting drought events, and the need for both quantitative and qualitative analyses of extreme hydrological occurrences. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of evaluating hazards and risks in drought assessment, integrating environmental economics into flood and drought risk management, and modeling the complex relationships between climatic variables and hydrological processes.

This Special Issue focuses on the friction characteristics of bearings, carefully compiling 16 cutting-edge research studies. Through a research path combining experiments and simulations, this Special Issue explores the lubrication mechanism, performance optimization, and fault diagnosis of bearings under different working conditions. The papers cover a wide range of dimensions, from theoretical exploration to experimental verification, showcasing the latest developments in the field of bearing lubrication. The research covers various types, such as angular contact ball bearings, gas hydrostatic thrust bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, etc. Through advanced methods such as computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural networks, and mathematical models, the influence of nozzle position, biomimetic composite cavity structure, unbalanced estimation, and other factors on lubricant distribution, load-bearing capacity, and dynamic behavior was analyzed. In addition, attention was also paid to the power loss under oil lubrication, the improvement in friction characteristics and fatigue life by carbon nitrogen co-infiltration treatment, and the lubrication challenges of bearings under special conditions such as vacuum environments and ultra-low temperatures. These research results not only provide a scientific basis for bearing lubrication design but also contribute important findings that promote technological progress and industrial upgrades in related industries. This Special Issue aims to provide new insights and reflections for both the academic and industrial communities.

Point clouds are deemed to be one of the foundational pillars in representing the 3D digital world, despite irregular topologies among discrete points. Recently, advancements in sensor technologies that acquire point cloud data for flexible and scalable geometric representation have paved the way for the development of new ideas, methodologies, and solutions in countless remote sensing applications. State-of-the-art sensors are capable of capturing and describing objects in a scene by using dense point clouds from various platforms (satellites, aerial, UAVs, vehicle-borne, backpacks, handheld, and static terrestrial), perspectives (nadir, oblique, and side view), spectra (multispectral), and granularity (point density and completeness). Meanwhile, the ever-expanding application areas of point cloud processing have already covered not only conventional domains in geospatial analysis but also manufacturing, civil engineering, construction, transportation, ecology, forestry, mechanical

The aim of the reprint was to provide readers with updated research findings on the psychological and psychiatric consequences of the pandemic. The wide scope of the reprint reflects the complexity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. The focus of the studies ranges from the psychological consequences of social distancing and the closure of schools to the neurological consequences of the viral infection, and from the stressful impact of an increased workload on frontline health workers to the unmet needs of special populations such as pregnant women, veterans and patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thanks to its richness in content and worldwide perspectives (contributors were from Canada, Croatia, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Spain, and the USA), the reprint is a valuable source of information to researchers and clinicians interested in the mental health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Related Books Clinical Con

In the search for a healthier diet and facing the uncertainties about the consumption of artificial additives, the scientific community has explored in the last years the potential of natural compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, essential oils, tocopherols, vitamins, polysaccharides, among others, obtained from the most diverse sources, such as plants and fungi, for the replacement of the artificial additives in food, which has made these compounds recognized as “natural additives”. In addition to being considered less harmful to health, and giving a certain functional property to a foodstuff, natural additives can also provide a beneficial synergistic effect in the food matrix. For the consumers, diverse studies have been showed that regular ingestion of bioactive compounds, that can be applied as natural additives, can be helpful for the prevention/treatment of several chronic and aging illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. How

In recent years, rapid development in robotics, mobile, and communication technologies has encouraged many studies in the field of localization and navigation in indoor environments. An accurate localization system that can operate in an indoor environment has considerable practical value, because it can be built into autonomous mobile systems or a personal navigation system on a smartphone for guiding people through airports, shopping malls, museums and other public institutions, etc. Such a system would be particularly useful for blind people. Modern smartphones are equipped with numerous sensors (such as inertial sensors, cameras, and barometers) and communication modules (such as WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, LTE/5G, and UWB capabilities), which enable the implementation of various localization algorithms, namely, visual localization, inertial navigation system, and radio localization. For the mapping of indoor environments and localization of autonomous mobile sysems, LIDAR sensors are

Sustainability is an urgent developmental task for our society and is attracting increasing attention. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) are also called upon to deal theoretically, conceptually, methodically, critically, and reflectively with the associated challenges and the processes and conditions of transformation in order to contribute to sustainable development. How can complex organisations such as HEIs succeed in initiating and maintaining the process of sustainable development within their own institutions and make it a permanent responsibility? How can as many protagonists as possible be persuaded to get involved in sustainable development? This book deals with the promotion of sustainable university development and provides an overview of how universities can be organised sustainably and how sustainable development can be implemented in their various functional areas. In the sense of a “whole-institution approach”, which encompasses entire HEIs, the focus is n

Fisheries worldwide face great challenges including control, restoration, and prevention of the overexploitation of fishery resources; timely assessment of fish stocks to support their sustainable use; understanding the dynamic responses of fish stocks to the effects of climate change; supply–demand relationships of a fluctuating market; fishing regulations to which they are subject; and the contribution to food security in the face of growing increases in the human population. To address these challenges, considering the urgent need for proper fisheries management, it is essential to assess the state of stocks using population parameters such as growth, reproduction, recruitment, natural and fishing mortality, and bioeconomic yield. Understanding the life cycles of exploited resources, the spawning stock biomass, and trends in long catch series, preferably linked to environmental factors, are also relevant issues that can be addressed by applying classical methods of fishery biology, population dynamics, time series analysis, and limited data modeling. In this Special Issue, ten fishery resources around the world are analyzed using both classical and innovative methodological approaches to riverine, coastal, estuarine, and marine environments, thereby providing scientific support for their sustainable management. This geographic diversity underscores the global relevance of the approaches presented and their applicability to different ecological and socioeconomic contexts.

Understanding the complex process of food digestion is an area of intense research due to its direct liaison with nutrition and health. Over the last few years, consumers have been paying more attention to how nutritional factors and the consumption of certain foods may impact human well-being, as food components may display either beneficial or adverse effects in the digestive system, and therefore, in human health. Hence, our gastrointestinal tract is exposed to a large variety of food components once they are processed, released, and eventually transported across the intestinal barrier. Food compounds are thus metabolized and subjected to different changes in the digestive system, and scientists working on functional foods aim to uncover this challenge to better determine the health implications of food bioactives. While the simulation of the physiological conditions of the digestion process is a crucial step, there is growing evidence regarding the health impact of the modulation of digestive functions through dietary substances. Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue was to gather the latest research on the three-way interplay between the digestive system, the food matrix and composition during digestion, and the nutritional and functional properties of food bioactives, highlighting investigations applying model systems of food gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, bioavailability, and gut microbiota, but also novel studies and future scientific trends about the nutritional and biological functions of digested food products and their bioactive molecules in health and disease.

This Special Issue brings together eleven articles, including one review article and ten research articles. Four of them focused on development of photofunctional metastructures, such as metamirrors, nanotube photonic crystal, topological photonic devices, and metasurface filters.

This reprint focuses on older adults, who represent a large portion of patients with acute coronary syndromes and cardiovascular diseases in general but are seldom included in randomized clinical trials. The articles in this reprint offer evidence to assist clinical decision making and guide clinicians worldwide in problems with everyday clinical implications, which often result in the mis- or undertreatment of this large population of fragile individuals. Related Books Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Elderly Patients Medicine & Pharmacology Coronary Syndrome: Clinical Treatment, Prevention and Management for Better Outcomes Medicine & Pharmacology Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Application Medicine & Pharmacology Advances in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Medicine & Pharmacology Grand Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated usin

The scope of this reprint, entitled “Emerging Protein Sources for Food Production and Human Nutrition”, encompasses the latest advancements in analytics and the application of new methods in the processing of proteins, both plant and animal, as well as methods of producing and testing foods enriched with these proteins. Related Books Sustainable Protein Sources Biology & Life Sciences Plant Protein Processing Biology & Life Sciences Recovery, Isolation and Characterization on Food Proteins Biology & Life Sciences Study on Physicochemical Properties of Food Protein Biology & Life Sciences Eco-Novel Food and Feed Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Po

The present reprint contains twelve papers published in the Special Issue “Advances in Discrete Applied Mathematics and Graph Theory, 2021” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which cover a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of Graph Theory and Discrete Applied Mathematics. The focus of the majority of papers is on recent advances in graph theory and applications in chemical graph theory. In particular, the topics studied include bipartite and multipartite Ramsey numbers, graph coloring and chromatic numbers, several varieties of domination (Double Roman, Quasi-Total Roman, Total 3-Roman) and two graph indices of interest in chemical graph theory (Sombor index, generalized ABC index), as well as hyperspaces of graphs and local inclusive distance vertex irregular graphs. Related Books Algebraic Structures and Graph Theory Computer Science & Mathematics ... Graph-Theoretic Problems and Their New Applications Computer Science & Mathematics ... Advances in Comput

This book collected recent innovative research and review articles on analytical techniques, production protocols, biotechnological tools, and new insights into bioactivities of ginsenosides including the effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation as well as on diseases such as ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, and allergic disorders. Additionally, the analysis through molecular docking and an overview of the Panax ginseng pharmacopuncture were also presented. Related Books Recent Advances in Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences ... Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutics Biology & Life Sciences New Insights in (Poly)Phenolic Compounds Biology & Life Sciences ... Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Gynecologic Cancer Biology & Life Sciences ... New Insights in the Research of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin with Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Potential Biology & Life Sciences The recommendati

This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and t

Metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark feature of a spectrum of chronic diseases, comprising aging, cancer, and diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and endocrine system. The phenotypes associated with metabolic dysfunction vary depending on disease type and stage. In turn, altered metabolism drives disease progression and incidence. Nutritional interventions, utilizing bioactive compounds or tailored dietary regimens, have emerged as effective strategies to modulate metabolic dysfunctions, thereby mitigating disease progression and improving outcomes. For instance, tailored nutritional intervention in cancers with altered metabolism determines improved therapeutic responses. Additionally, counteracting muscle loss and osteoporosis are clinical goals that can provide nutritional support to an aging population. Mechanistically, nutritional interventions modulate metabolism through mitochondrial homeostasis, metabolic pathway reprogramming, immuno-regulation, and epigenome regulation to impact disease progression and outcome. This Reprint aims to provide an interdisciplinary platform covering the following topics: (1) characterizing metabolic features and/or nutritional requirements in certain types of chronic disease; (2) defining the effects and mechanism of a specific nutrient or nutritional intervention to target metabolism and disease; and (3) developing new nutritional strategies that improve disease outcomes by altering metabolism.

No religious production has ever happened on a planet with 425+ ppm CO2 such that rapid climate change is the evolutionary and biogeochemical carrier within which all future religious production will by definition occur. This Reprint investigates how various theological positions may be responding to imminent climate regime shifts and how the sociology of religion may inform readers on how human groups are (or are not) using religion to organize around climate change. It explores how some religious actors are influencing cultural and social discourses around rapid climate change and dwelling practices within shifting bioecologies of place, including at the interfaces of technology and religion and of sustainability and religion, and how scholars should even conceive of the category of "religion" and how to teach to this category. Concepts of religious health within religious communities who may (or may not) be responding to the negative health impacts of runaway climate change and how religious ethics may (or may not) be changing to address the normative elements of runaway climate chaos are also investigated. Such scholarship occurs within the larger theme of the Reprint of Religion and Planetary Climate Crisis, where this crisis is understood to be biogeochemical, especially in geological time frames, but also political, economic, technological, ethical, and, therefore, biocultural. This opens up the need for humanities scholars to rapidly address rapid global heating in their research and teaching, and, thus, the requirement for the field of religious studies/theology to rapidly do the same.

The development of new drugs/drug candidates for medical treatment remains an exciting but challenging process as only a limited number of synthetic compounds fit well into the discovery and development process after multiple experimentation and screening efforts in search of their preclinical properties. Over the years, this continuous demand has been fueled by the use of organic/synthetic chemistry protocols that deliver new molecules or improve the existing toolbox diversifying libraries of pharmacophores of medicinal interest. The application of new methodologies particularly employing green and sustainable commercial feedstock chemicals for the discovery and development of biological therapeutics opens up new avenues of research. In parallel, the discovery and development of new organic molecules have always proved effective in designing drugs while overcoming critical challenges to the pharmaceutical industry and providing innovative solutions toward commercialized medicines. This reprint aims to provide a far-reaching overview of the most recent developments in synthetic methodologies as well as medicinal chemistry applications of small-molecule inhibitors.