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This book examines the state-of-the-art water and wastewater treatment methods that can be applied to develop a sustainable treatment technique in the future. Of the several high-quality articles submitted, twelve were published after the peer-review process, with an acceptance rate of 59 percent. In the first section of this book, the articles include the occurrence and removal of emerging contaminants in water bodies. Moreover, the presence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water sources is discussed in detail. Subsequently, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and dye with different physicochemical methods is investigated. In another section of this book, the removal of ammonia with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is studied. Additionally, the elimination of heavy metals using the adsorption process, as an effective method, is discussed. Moreover, the performance of membrane bi

Research related to ambient particulate matter (PM) remains very relevant today due to the adverse effects that PM have on human health. PM are pollutants with varying chemical compositions and may originate from multiple emission sources, which directly affects their toxicity. To formulate effective control and mitigation strategies, it is necessary to identify PM sources and to estimate their influence on ambient PM concentration, a process that is known as source apportionment (SA). Depending on the geographical location and characteristics of an area, many anthropogenic and natural sources may contribute to PM concentration levels, such as dust resuspension, sea salt, traffic, secondary aerosol formation, industrial emissions, ship emissions, biomass burning, power plant emissions, etc. Different methodological approaches have been used over the years to study the aforementioned topics, but some scientific challenges remain, mainly related to the following subjects: real-time chem

This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge research in autonomous vehicle software, robotic perception, and intelligent interaction. Topics include software vulnerability assessment, risk and threat analysis, visual understanding, machine vision, and advanced human–vehicle interaction, highlighting the technological and practical challenges in realizing fully autonomous and connected mobility systems. By bringing together innovative studies and insights, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive view of the latest advancements in autonomous vehicle technologies and their implications for the future of transportation, offering valuable knowledge for researchers, engineers, and industry leaders.

Soil, as a living system, plays a fundamental role in sustainable development, making a decisive contribution to ecosystem services. Through its dynamics, it influences and is influenced by the contexts that surround it. In particular, through carbon farming practices, soil can contribute to carbon sequestration and thus mitigate the effects of climate change and consequent global warming. In this context, this special issue contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the various soil dynamics and other dimensions, including socio-economic ones, from a perspective that can serve as a basis for integrated soil management. The contributions received are scientific insights that allow for an overall framework for agricultural production, soil composition, greenhouse gas emissions, and more sustainable development.

Meat and meat products are among the most nutrient-dense food sources in the human diet. They fulfill most of our bodily requirements, acting as important sources of energy and a variety of essential nutrients needed for metabolic functions. Meat and meat products may also contain non-nutritive components, such as sodium, saturated fat, nitrites, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are associated with negative health-related outcomes. Reprint “Nutritional Value of Meat and Meat Products and Their Role in Human Health” focuses on research related to the recent developments in the field of the nutritional value and health effects of meat and meat products. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the relationship between meat consumption and their association with nutrient intake and meeting nutrient recommendations. It covers the correlations between meat consumption and adverse health outcomes and concerns regarding the environmental and climate-related effects of animal-sourced food production.

The Special Issue “Feature Papers in Neglected and Emerging Tropical Disease” represents a collection of research and review papers covering numerous aspects of modern parasitology. The variety of research models (from dengue to neodermata) and experimental approaches (from computational in silico analyses to population studies) makes this collection truly unique. Related Books Beyond Borders Public Health & Healthcare ... Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment of Emerging Pathogens Biology & Life Sciences Skin-Related Neglected Tropical Diseases (Skin-NTDs)—A New Challenge Public Health & Healthcare Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment of Emerging Pathogens, Second Edition Biology & Life Sciences Neglected and Emerging Tropical Diseases in South and Southeast Asia and Northern Australia Public Health & Healthcare The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions

This volume presents recent research achievements concerning the molecular genetic basis of agronomic traits in rice. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world, being a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Recent improvements in living standards have increased the worldwide demand for high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars. To develop novel cultivars with superior agronomic performance, we need to understand the molecular basis of agronomically important traits related to grain yield, grain quality, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Decoding the whole rice genome sequence revealed that ,while there are more than 37,000 genes in the ~400 Mbp rice genome, there are only about 3000 genes whose molecular functions are characterized in detail. We collected in this volume the continued research efforts of scholars that elucidate genetic networks and the molecular mechanisms controlling agronomically important traits in r

The book presents several studies reporting advances on melanoma pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. It represents a milestone on the state of the art, updated at 2021, and also presents the current knowledge on the future developments in melanoma field. Related Books New Advances in Melanoma Medicine & Pharmacology Melanoma Medicine & Pharmacology Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Skin Cancer Medicine & Pharmacology Advanced Molecular Solutions for Cancer Therapy Biology & Life Sciences Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Obtaining an ISBN For Librarians MDPI Initiatives: MDPI Journals

A large number of diseases affect salivary gland (SG) secretion through different mechanisms, leading to SG dysfunction and associated oral problems. The glands may suffer from viral, bacterial, and, albeit rarely, fungal infections, which may cause painful swelling or obstruction; they could also become the target of an autoimmune attack or may be affected by various benign and malignant tumors which consist of a heterogeneous group of lesions with complex clinical–pathological characteristics. The loss of normal SG function results in widespread deterioration of oral health. This book, entitled “Diseases of Salivary Glands”, provides an overview of recent advances in the field of SG disorders, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SG diseases and on the most innovative investigation techniques that could help to preserve patients’ health, function, and quality of life. Related Books Diseases of the Salivary Glands—Part II Medicine & Pharma

This Special Issue brings together contributions dedicated to understanding and enhancing cultural landscapes, the result of the continuous interaction between nature and human action over time. These landscapes represent an important historical and social legacy, reflecting processes of territorial occupation, cultural practices, and relations between communities and the environment. Building on the framework established by the 1972 World Heritage Convention and reinforced by the 2000 European Landscape Convention, the published works explore the role of landscapes—land, river and coastal—in quality of life, collective identity and cultural heritage. The Special Issue also seeks to analyse the challenges that urban growth, the transformation of the territory, and, in some cases, the abandonment of low-density areas pose to the preservation of these spaces. The articles address strategies and good practices to reconcile heritage conservation and contemporary development, highlighting the importance of territorial planning that is sensitive to the historical and cultural context. Sustainable approaches, including nature-based solutions, adaptive reuse, and integration of traditional techniques, are also discussed. Another central aspect is the role of local communities in building a shared vision for the future of cultural landscapes, promoting greater awareness of their value, and encouraging responsible development models. Taken together, this Special Issue deepens the debate on how to ensure that cultural landscapes continue to play a key role in building identities and adapting to contemporary challenges.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the processes of residential segregation and/or socio-economic integration of migrant populations in urban areas. The thirteen contributions included in this Special Issue examine urban contexts across diverse geographical areas. In particular, they focus on Southern European countries with a historical background of emigration — such as Greece, Italy, and Spain — as well as Central and Northern European countries like France and the United Kingdom that are characterized by a long-standing tradition of immigration. The Special Issue also features a contribution on Iran, a geographical context that has been rarely explored in this field of study, along with two papers focusing on the United States, a country with an extensive tradition of research on these topics. The findings underscore the importance of adopting a local-scale approach to measure and understand the complex and multidimensional phenomenon of foreign presence within the urban fabric. Consequently, they highlight the need to produce evidence that can support place-based policies aimed at promoting the local integration of migrants and strengthening social cohesion.

Under one cover, this reprint collects twelve original research papers and one review paper submitted to the Special Issue “State-of-the-Art Mathematical Applications in Europe” and published in the MDPI journal Mathematics from December 2021 to January 2023. This Special Issue published original research papers from European researchers and their collaborators on popular topics in all fields of mathematics. The Editors received papers from Spain, Slovenia, Romania, Italy, Greece, Russia, Montenegro, and Turkey. Most of the contributions were related to various fields in applied mathematics, and several papers addressed problems in pure mathematics, particularly algebra.

Food inspection is the primary method employed in order to ensure the quality and safety of food. There are some hazard factors, such as pesticide residue, veterinary drug residue, heavy metals, biotoxins, and illegal additives, that represent a great threat to the quality and safety of food. Immunoassay is a rapid detection method with high efficiency and accuracy, and is the mainstream rapid detection method in food inspection. The syntheses of hapten, the development of antibodies, immunoassay methods including colloidal gold immunochromatography, enzyme-linked immunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, and bio-barcode immunoassay have been research hotspots in recent years. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the latest research in the following fields: i) the design and synthesis of hapten for key hazard factors; ii) the development of monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, etc,. for pesticide residue, veterinary drug residue, heavy

COVID-19 is the most prominent and rapidly evolving public health concern in the world currently. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 has also been causing pancreatic and hepatic injury. Emerging data have shown that COVID-19 patients continue to shed the virus into their stools, even when patients test negative for COVID-19 in pulmonary secretions. However, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-related gastrointestinal manifestations are poorly understood. The pandemic has also had a significant impact on gastroenterologists, endoscopists, and other ancillary staff. Moreover, in the past, systematic respiratory virus syndrome (SARS) was shown to be transmitted by endoscopes, which is a big concern with COVID-19, as it shares many pathological features with SARS. The deferral of elective endoscopic procedures

The term “algae” refers to a large diversity of unrelated phylogenetic entities, ranging from picoplanktonic cells to macroalgal kelps. Marine algae are an important primary producer in the marine food chain, responsible for the high primary production of coastal areas, providing food resources in situ for many grazing species of gastropods, peracarid crustaceans, sea urchins or fish. Recent findings indicate that marine environments have rapidly changed due to global warming over the past several decades. This change has led to significant variations in marine algal ecology. For example, a long-term increase in ocean temperatures due to global warming has facilitated the intensification of harmful algal blooms, which adversely impact public health, aquatic organisms, and aquaculture industries. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted, but there is still a gap in our understanding of the variation in their ecology in accordance with future marine environmental changes. To fill th

This book includes a collection of publications describing the molecular etiology of inherited diseases and conditions in companion animals (dogs and cats). In addition to contributing to the health of companion animals, this research also benefits humans that have similar types of diseases. Related Books The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Retinal Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology Biology & Life Sciences ... Rare Monogenic Diseases: Molecular Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies Biology & Life Sciences Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals: Clinical, Molecular and Evolutionary Aspects Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Pathways in Cancers Medicine & Pharmacology The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapte

This Reprint examines practical, evidence‑based strategies that can enhance modifiable factors contributing to athletic success. Drawing from exercise physiology, nutrition, sport psychology, and skill acquisition, the collection highlights how coaches and practitioners can more effectively influence athlete performance. The articles explore approaches for improving training efficiency, monitoring physiological adaptation, supporting psychological readiness, and optimizing nutritional practices. Together, these studies provide applied insights designed to help coaches refine their methods and improve outcomes across a wide range of sporting environments.

The digital age has seen a significant transformation with the integration of machine learning into natural language processing (NLP). This shift highlights the growing importance of data-driven decisions and human-like interfaces. This Special Issue explores the latest applications of machine learning in NLP, showcasing its potential to revolutionize human–computer interactions. NLP covers a wide range of tasks, including sentiment analysis (which detects emotions in text) and voice processing (which enhances auditory interactions). Entity recognition and syntax analysis are crucial for information retrieval and understanding language structure. Advances in machine translation and summarization have made multilingual communication smoother. Large language models are improving question–answering systems and chatbots, making interactions more natural. The combination of image segmentation and NLP is also enhancing multimedia understanding.

Thin-film coating technology has revolutionized various industries by offering functional solutions that enhance efficiency, flexibility, and performance in electronic devices, optics, solar cells, hard coatings, sensors, and even food preservation. This cutting-edge technology has significantly contributed to advancements in nanotechnology, materials science, and renewable energy. This Special Issue, comprising thirteen high-quality contributions, showcases a portion of the ongoing dynamism and diversity within thin-film research. It covers several key areas related to recent advancements in thin-film development, including deposition and characterization techniques, mechanical and electrical properties, sensing and solar cell technologies, food preservation and advanced approaches for assessing the mechanical behavior of thin films. The presented research reflects not only the current state-of-the-art but also offers new perspectives for future advancements across various industries and technologies.

Although the biosafety of genetically engineered crops has been debated for the past three decades among scientific communities, regulators, and the public, controversy is still strong regarding human health and environmental safety. While food safety remains a critical concern for the general public, the ecological consequences may have long-lasting effects on natural/agricultural ecosystems. Increased scientific understanding and strategies are thus needed to cope with any environmental risks caused by or related to the release of engineered crops, especially regarding new emerging technology. For instance, past experiences with genetically engineered plants may provide valuable expertise for the assessment of new gene-edited crops. This compendium contains four review papers and 12 case study papers. These articles address a broad range of topics in biosafety and environmental assessment of the genetically engineered and edited crops, covering the impacts of genetically engineere

Based on 19 high-quality articles, this Special Issue presents methods for further improving the currently achievable recycling rate, product quality in terms of focused elements, and approaches for the enhanced mobilization of lithium, graphite, and electrolyte components. In particular, the target of early-stage Li removal is a central point of various research approaches in the world, which has been reported, for example, under the names early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR process) with or without gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2 leaching (COOL process). Furthermore, many more approaches are present in this Special Issue, ranging from robotic disassembly and the dismantling of Li‐ion batteries, or the optimization of various pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical as well as combined battery recycling processes for the treatment of conventional Li‐ion batteries, all the way to an evaluation of the recycling on an industrial level. In addition to the consideration of Li distribution in compou

The present book, a reprint of the Molecules Special Issue "Insecticide, Acaricide, Repellent and Antimicrobial Development", presents key advances in the development of effective and eco-friendly insecticides, acaricides, repellents, and antimicrobials, including products of natural origin. Related Books Insecticides for Mosquito Control: Strengthening the Evidence Base Biology & Life Sciences ... Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents, 2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences Antimicrobial and Anti-infective Activity of Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences Antimicrobial and Anti-Infective Activity of Natural Products, 2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences ... Antimicrobial Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book

The purpose of the Special Issue “Quantitative Methods in Economics and Finance” of the journal Risks was to provide a collection of papers that reflect the latest research and problems of pricing complex derivates, simulation pricing, analysis of financial markets, and volatility of exchange rates in the international context. This book can be used as a reference for academicians and researchers who would like to discuss and introduce new developments in the field of quantitative methods in economics and finance and explore applications of quantitative methods in other business areas. Related Books Quantitative Methods for Economics and Finance Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Financial Econometrics and Quantitative Economic Analysis Business & Economics Advanced Methods in the Mathematical Modeling of Economics, Econometrics, and Financial Management Business & Economics Computational Methods for Risk Management in Economics and Finance Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... R

Over the most recent two decades, metamaterials (MMs) have led a revolution in new material science through the artificial arrangement of electric- and magnetic-resonance structures (meta-atoms) at the subwavelength scale. In particular, they have enriched the fundamental rules of light–matter interactions, such as slow light, super resolution, super-lensing, and electromagnetic (EM) cloaking. The main reason for the attention paid to MMs is that they are very close in appearance to real life, such as perfect absorbers. EM MMs reveal remarkable responses to the incident EM wave, such as negative-refraction index, extraordinary optical transmission, electromagnetically induced transparency-like effects, and ultra-thin and broadband absorbers. The designed structures, the structural parameters, and the properties of used materials yield the effective electric permittivity (εeff(ω)) and the effective magnetic permeability (μeff(ω)) of overall MMs based on the effective-medium theory. Studies on the control of EM response and its spatial distribution and dispersion are ripe and lead to potential and almost-realized applications. There are emerging fields in MM research, such as nonlinear, switchable, gain-assisted, sensor, quantum, and coding MMs, all representing a variety of MM applications.