Perpustakaan Digital

This Reprint presents a collection of research related to beneficial microorganisms used in cropping systems. The studies are focused on sustainability and efficiency obtained by the use microorganisms; changes and improvements in biogeochemical cycles; assessments of microbial communities in treated vs. untreated soils; plant–microorganism–soil interactions; and the analysis of microbial functions, suppressive and resilient capacity. The necessity of these types of studies is linked to the dynamics and functionalities that microbial communities provide in cultivated soils, being the main drivers of crop success and responsible for numerous ecosystem services. The plant-growth promotion process links the ability of microorganisms to provide nutrients and biostimulators to plants with a visible effect on the yield potential. The use of microbial inoculum in cropping systems has long been considered a viable solution to ensure supplementary nutrients, crop protection, biomass decomposition, and the stability of soil fluxes.

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research on numerical modeling and experimental investigation in the characterization of petroleum and its derivatives and bioprocesses. The scope of this Special Issue includes cases of investigations on petroleum property relationships, the modeling of petroleum properties, the application of different methods for the characterization of petroleum and its derivatives, sustainable fuels, biofuels, petroleum refining process performance optimization, and bioprocesses. Included in this Special Issue are seventeen contributions from researchers across the globe in the fields of petroleum fluid characterization and bioprocesses.

This Special Issue delves into the intricate world of miRNAs as modulators of gene expression regulation. These small non-coding RNAs are at the heart of post-transcriptional modulation of gene activity, affecting a myriad of biological processes. The curated selection of articles within this issue offers insights into the roles of miRNAs in health and disease, emphasizing their potential value as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Featuring original research and in depth-reviews, this Special Issue covers recent miRNA advancements, detailing their regulatory networks and action mechanisms. It highlights new miRNA-linked therapeutic targets and circulating miRNAs as cell-to-cell communication intermediaries. The issue also examines extracellular miRNAs (ex-miRNAs) and their functions, highlighting their presence in biological fluids and their potential utility in clinical diagnostics and disease monitoring. Challenges in miRNA quantification and technological advances for precise me

Many of the most common diseases are influenced by a combination of multiple factors, which include environmental effectors as well as genetic and epigenetic variations. Therefore, these diseases are grouped under the term “complex” diseases because, from the point of view of genetics, they cannot be explained by simple Mendelian inheritance. The aim of this special issue was to identify genetic and epigenetic factors involved in such diseases in order to improve not only the knowledge of risk factors for those diseases, which could be of help for prevention, but also the understanding and characterization of each disease and to optimize and personalize the treatment. Related Books Study on Genotypes and Phenotypes of Neurodegenerative Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Genetic, Epigenetic, Environmental, and Pharmacological Models for Neuroscience, Neurologic Diseases, and Psychiatric Disorders: Advancement in Bench-to-Bedside Translational Research Biology & Life Sciences ... Gene P

Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; developmen

The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise worldwide. Paradoxically, despite an increasingly obesogenic environment, particularly in Western societies, undernutrition is also extremely common.The application of novel, sophisticated techniques, particularly related to imaging and molecular biology, has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms controlling appetite and energy intake. This has led to a redefinition of many concepts, including the relative importance of central versus peripheral mechanisms, recognising that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly gut hormones, plays a critical role.Given the major advance in knowledge in the field, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of the GI mechanisms underlying the regulation of appetite and energy intake, as a series of definitive reviews by international authorities. The reviews addre

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Multivariate Approximation for Solving ODE and PDE". These papers describe the different approaches and related objectives in the field of multivariate approximation. The articles in fact present specific contents of numerical methods for the analysis of the approximation, as well as the study of ordinary differential equations (for example oscillating with delay) or that of partial differential equations of the fractional order, but all linked by the objective to present analytical or numerical techniques for the simplification of the study of problems involving relationships that are not immediately computable, thus allowing to establish a connection between different fields of mathematical analysis and numerical analysis through different points of view and investigation. The present contents, therefore, describe the multivariate approximation theory, which is today an increasingly active resea

Over the past few decades, mining activities and operations have benefited from the application of geomechanical and geotechnical approaches in mine planning/design and ground control management to minimize unsafe working conditions and avoid catastrophic mine failures. Appropriate mine planning and design and its subsequent modifications for any mine site require a detailed level of ground condition investigation by an experienced geomechanical expert with sound judgment. In addition, a ground control management strategy at any mining site should oversee the geotechnical uncertainty at the design execution phase in order to avoid and mitigate the magnitudes of unfavorable results to a tolerable level. The aim of this Reprint is to highlight how improved knowledge of rock mass behavior; the development of empirical, analytical, and numerical approaches for geomechanical mine design; and proper evaluation of how material characteristics under different loading conditions have contributed toward the safer execution of mining activities and the management of geotechnical risks. Continuous geotechnical data collection and its optimization using smarter ground support instrumentation and the application of advanced data analysis techniques have proven to be essential tools in providing proactive measures to enhance mine production efficiency and limit the potential risk of geomechanical failures.

The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of the current challenges within the cyber security community today, as recognized by our contributors. This reprint provides 16 papers from the Topical Collection on “Machine Learning and Data Analytics for Cyber Security” that cover topics of large language models for cybersecurity claim classification, adversarial machine learning attacks against intrusion detection systems, the detection of PLC process control anomalies, identifying session-replay bots compared to human users, and mitigating against side-channel attacks.

Animal cognition is an independent field of interdisciplinary investigation, featuring specialized methodologies and paradigms tailored to diverse animal species. Different approaches can contribute to our understanding of animal behaviour and cognition. For example, automated and observer-independent techniques, which allow for the collection of vast sets of data, or the study of the neurobiological correlates of mental processes, which requires reference to standardized paradigms. These methodologies pose constraints on the complexity and ecological validity of behaviour. On the other hand, more traditional methods are firmly grounded in species ethology, which is considered crucial to grasp the distinctive qualitative features of the behavioural repertoire. Here, we present a collection of contributions employing behavioural methods to investigate the mental abilities of animals or any other behaving organism and to reflect on the big issue of “asking a question” to non-human anim

The fast development of the industrial internet is boosting the evolution of the manufacturing industry to a new stage of socialization, servitization, universal interaction and connection, and platformization. Under this background, social manufacturing emerged as a new kind of manufacturing paradigm, established based on the self-driven, self-organizing and self-adaptive cyber-physical–social interaction among extensive numbers of socialized manufacturing resource providers. Up until now, social manufacturing has drawn attention from both academic and industrial fields due to its promising research and application values. However, social manufacturing is still at its infant stage as the fast development of the industrial internet, artificial intelligence, collective intelligence, cloud/edge/fog computing, and a new generation of information and communication technologies, etc., are changing the interaction, configuration and operation mechanisms of social manufacturing every day. I

This Special Issue is intended to lay the foundation of AI applications focusing on oral health, including general dentistry, periodontology, implantology, oral surgery, oral radiology, orthodontics, and prosthodontics, among others. Related Books Advancements in Artificial Intelligence for Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Medicine & Pharmacology Advances in AI for Health and Medical Applications Public Health & Healthcare ... Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Public Health & Healthcare Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Current State and Future Perspectives Public Health & Healthcare Big Data in Dental Research and Oral Healthcare Public Health & Healthcare The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pa

This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes. Related Books Tube and Sheet Metal Forming Processes and Applications Engineering Forming Processes of Modern Metallic Materials Engineering Forming Technologies and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials Engineering Advances in Sheet Metal Forming Processes of Lightweight Alloys Engineering Advanced Plastic Forming Processes Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexi

The book is a collection of original research and review articles addressing the intriguing field of the cellular and molecular players involved in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. One of the most ambitious aspirations of modern medical science is the possibility of regenerating any damaged part of the body, including skeletal muscle. This desire has prompted clinicians and researchers to search for innovative technologies aimed at replacing organs and tissues that are compromised. In this context, the papers, collected in this book, addressing a specific aspects of muscle homeostasis and regeneration under physiopathologic conditions, will help us to better understand the underlying mechanisms of muscle healing and will help to design more appropriate therapeutic approaches to improve muscle regeneration and to counteract muscle diseases. Related Books Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Injury and Recovery: From Mechanisms to Therapy Biology & Lif

Various stresses, such as biotic (fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects) and abiotic stresses (drought, cold, heat, salinity, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation), largely influence plant development and crop productivity. To cope with these stresses, plants undergo a wide range of cellular, molecular, and physiological changes to respond and adapt to these kinds of stresses. Understanding the complexity of the physiological factors that contribute to stress tolerance in horticultural crops is essential to maintaining the productivity and quality of these crops. Rapidly determining plant physiological information under different stresses is meaningful for plant growth and development regulation and helps us to understand the plant adaptive mechanism. This Special Issue involves studies focusing on the effects of stress on horticultural plants and the physiological mechanisms of plant adaptation to different stresses.

This Special Issue highlights the valuable contributions to wireless and mobile communication technologies, mobile edge computing, and blockchain using modern artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. The applications of machine learning in wireless and mobile communication networks have been receiving increasing attention, especially in the new era of big data and the Internet of Things (IoT), where data mining and data analysis technologies are effective approaches to solving wireless system issues. Artificial intelligence is one of the leading technologies in 5G, beyond 5G, and future 6G networks. Intelligence is playing a crucial role in unlocking the full potential of the 5G networks and the future 6G mobile wireless networks by leveraging universal infrastructure, open network architectures, software-defined networking, network function virtualization, multi-access edge compu-ting, vehicular networks, etc. The implementation of blockchain and mobile edge computing has become a significant part of new wireless and mobile communication networks, helping to perform computations as close to IoT devices as possible.

Mountain regions are critical because of their diverse geological conditions, dynamic changes, and the multiple natural hazards that often occur. Mountains are high-risk environments that can experience a variety of natural hazards, since initiated hazards often trigger secondary, cascading hazards, having a significant impact not only on the area of occurrence but often also on up- and downstream regions. High economic losses and human casualties are caused by geophysical (rockfalls, earthquakes, and volcanic activities), hydrological (floods, avalanches, and dammed-lake outbursts), and sediment-related hazards (landslides, driftwood, debris/mud flows, and surface erosion). Under the impacts of global warming and climate change, the spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall and other weather events have become more unevenly distributed, often with a more extreme magnitude and/or intensity of events. The complexity of mountainous regions, in addition to the continued changes in climate and

This reprint is dedicated to Professor Delfim F. M. Torres for his 50th birthday. Professor Delfim F. M. Torres is a recognized researcher, particularly in the calculus of variations, optimal control, and mathematical biology. In this reprint, several studies in his research fields are presented. Related Books Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications—In Honor of Professor Osvaldo Anibal Rosso's 70th Birthday Physical Sciences Advance in Control Theory and Optimization Computer Science & Mathematics Advances in Optimization and Nonlinear Analysis Computer Science & Mathematics ... Dynamical Systems and Their Applications (DSTA) — In Memory of Prof. Dr. José A. Tenreiro Machado Engineering Special Issue in Honor of the 60th Birthday of Professor Hong-Kun Xu Computer Science & Mathematics The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Ord

Additive manufacturing (AM) is continuously improving and offering innovative alternatives to conventional manufacturing techniques. The advantages of AM (design freedom, reduction in material waste, low-cost prototyping, etc.) can be exploited in different sectors by replacing or complementing traditional manufacturing methods. For this to happen, the combination of design, materials and technology must be deeply analyzed for every specific application. Despite the continuous progress of AM, there is still a need for further investigation in terms of design and applications to boost AM's implementation in the manufacturing industry or even in other sectors where short and personalized series productions could be useful, such as the medical sector. This Special Issue gathers a variety of research articles (12 peer-reviewed papers) involving the design and application of AM, including innovative design approaches where AM is applied to improve conventional methods or currently used te

As the world enters the third decade of the 21st century, a shift in global energy demand and use is anticipated. The transportation industry is one of the largest energy users, with major environmental consequences. Additionally, with the most ambitious electric vehicle predictions, the bulk of cars sold in 2040 will still have internal combustion engines. As a result, we must continue to explore all options for reducing IC engine emissions, as well as pathways to reduce potential vehicle CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, on the other hand, which can be used in both internal combustion engines and fuel cells, is seen as one of the future's most important energy vectors. In terms of production, storage, and application, this technology still faces several challenges. This Special Issue features original research papers, as well as important review articles on current issues relating to laboratory research and in-vehicle test results on different renewable combustion strategies that seek to re

For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer. Related Books Interplay of Connexins and Pannexins in Tissue Function and Disease Biology & Life Sciences TRP Channels in Healt

As Guest Editor, I have the pleasure of sharing a Special Issue of Cancers entitled “Novel Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)”. This collection includes 10 original articles written by internationally recognized experts in this field. Recent progress in molecular characterization, in addition to a better understanding of the tumor immune context, has been dramatically changing the course of NSCLC patient care. At the same time, the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has been driven by the expanding number of biomarkers that help predict sensitivity to these novel agents. In fact, identifying patients that are most likely to benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy is essential in order to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing the risks of overtreatment or undertreatment. For these reasons, currently, all patients with advanced NSCLC require not only accurate staging but also comprehensive molecular profiling, including an assessment of several biomarkers. This Special Issue offers an overview concerning the latest advancements in NSCLC biomarker research, with a focus on technologies that are needed for their detection and use in clinical practice.

Plant reactions to abiotic stresses are extraordinarily complex. They take place at various levels of plant organization, starting from changes in biochemical processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration, and ending during morphological and anatomical changes in plant organs. However, these above-mentioned changes are preceded by the activation of efficient molecular signaling machinery, which ensures that plants tune in to external abiotic stimuli.

Horticultural plants are crucial to humans. Horticultural plants provide people with high-quality products and beautiful scenery, promoting human health and environmental improvement. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, horticultural plants have garnered more attention, which has promoted research on horticultural plants. So far, there has been some progress in research on both the phenotypes and genotypes of horticultural plants. In this Special Issue, we have collected 11 research or review papers related to horticultural plants from many renowned research institutions, analyzing the formation of and variation in important traits among horticultural plants and their underlying mechanisms. At the same time, we present new technologies and methods to improve the resistance and quality of horticultural crops. This Special Issue will enrich our understanding of horticultural plant research and contributes to the efficient, high-quality, stress-resistant