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This reprint contains a series of articles and reviews that illustrate the state-of-the-art knowledge about Gamma Ray Bursts and provide deep insights on the challenges that will be faced in GRB physics in the next decade. Related Books Recent Advances in Gamma Ray Astrophysics and Future Perspectives Physical Sciences High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy Computer Science & Mathematics ... Observations and Theory of Short GRBs at the Dawn of the Gravitational Wave Era Physical Sciences Present and Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy Computer Science & Mathematics ... Advances in the Physics of Stars - in Memory of Prof. Yuri N. Gnedin Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invo

Since the first works introducing the aluminum intercalated clay family in the early 1970s, interest in the synthesis of Pillared InterLayered Clays (PILC) has increased tremendously, especially research into their properties and energetic and environmental applications. After our comprehensive reviews and book on the synthesis and catalytic applications of these materials, new references have appeared in the literature and the interest in this field is continuously increasing. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the recent advances developed considering this family of solids. Related Books Layered Double Hydroxides Chemistry & Materials Science A Themed Issue in Honor of Prof. Dr. Vicente Rives Chemistry & Materials Science ... Clay Minerals Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Porous Materials: Synthesis, Characterisations and Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been genera

We presented a wide spectrum of articles dealing with modelling of microstructural aspects involved in deformation and recrystallization and the simulation of microstructure-based and texture-based properties in various metals. The latest advances in the theoretical interpretation of mesoscopic transformations based on experimental observations were partially discussed in the current SI. The studies dealing with the modelling of structure-property relationships are likewise analyzed in the present collection of manuscripts. The contributions in the current collection evidently demonstrate that the properties of metallic materials are microstructure dependent and therefore the thermomechanical processing (TMP) of the polycrystalline aggregates should be strictly controlled to guarantee the desired bunch of qualities. Given this, the assessment of microstructure evolution in metallic systems is of extraordinary importance. Since the trial-error approach is a time-consuming and quite ex

In horticulture, plant propagation plays an important role, as the number of plants can be rapidly multiplied, retaining the desirable characteristics of the mother plants, and shortening the bearing age of plants. There are two primary forms of plant propagation: sexual and asexual. In nature, the propagation of plants most often involves sexual reproduction, and this form is still used in several species. Over the years, horticulturists have developed asexual propagation methods that use vegetative plant parts. Innovation in plant propagation has supported breeding programs and allowed the production of high quality nursery plants with the same genetic characteristics of the mother plant, free of diseases or pests. Related Books Propagation and Flowering of Ornamental Plants Biology & Life Sciences In Vitro Technology and Micropropagated Plants Biology & Life Sciences Seed Germination and Micropropagation of Ornamental Plants Biology & Life Sciences The State-of-the-Art Propagation

The shoulder is a complex system of functionally interconnected and coordinated joints. Together with the elbow joint and the hand, it guides and stabilizes the reaching movement of the upper limb. The functional role of the shoulder and elbow is twofold: to provide stability to the joint complex and to allow for a wide range of motion in the shoulder girdle; and, through the elbow joint, to allow for quick and precise movements. These qualities —stability, freedom of movement, and speed—are impacted if any of the numerous anatomical components are damaged by trauma, inflammation, or the peripheral or central nervous system. Rotator cuff injuries, whether traumatic or due to functional overload; arthrosis; and heterotopic ossification are the most common pathologies of the shoulder complex, while specific tendinopathies, with or without heterotopic ossification, are conditions that specifically affect the elbow. From these premises, the idea of promoting a Special Issue dedicated to “Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease” was born, which led to interesting reflections in light of the new diagnostic, surgical, and rehabilitative treatment proposals on this topic. The authors and the different scientific works included address the issue of patient care in shoulder and elbow complex diseases, both in terms of diagnosis, surgical and rehabilitative treatment, and also in light of the new opportunities offered by artificial intelligence.

Most analytical instruments currently in use struggle to directly manage complex matrices such as environmental, food, and biological samples, making sample pretreatment essential. In the analytical process from sampling to data analysis, sample pretreatment plays a vital role in extracting, separating, and concentrating target analytes. It also enhances detection, improves sensitivity and accuracy, and reduces instrument maintenance and operating costs, all of which significantly impact the reliability and accuracy of analytical results. Therefore, developing efficient sample pretreatment technologies and integrating them into various analytical instruments remains a key challenge.This reprint comprises three peer-reviewed review articles and nine original research papers contributed by research groups for a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Molecules. The topics covered include comprehensive review articles on advanced coating materials, such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, hybrid graphene-based materials, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Additionally, the reprint presents various SPME and related microextraction methods employing multi-walled carbon nanotube-ionic liquid/polyaniline adsorbents, MonoTrap, covalent organic polymer mixed-matrix membranes, magnetic persimmon leaf composites, and capillary coatings as extraction materials.

Neurodegeneration is a major problem in neuroscience and medicine, as it causes and worsens many neurological and psychiatric disorders. It involves gradually losing neurons at different brain levels, affecting cognition, emotion, behavior, consciousness, and attention. However, the current therapies are mostly symptomatic and ineffective. In light of these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop novel and transformative approaches, among which non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) holds considerable promise. NIBS techniques can modulate neural activity and safely and reversibly promote plasticity, presenting an avenue for exploring innovative treatment modalities. Moreover, the NIBS field is evolving rapidly, with ongoing research endeavors to elucidate its mechanisms of action, identify new clinical applications, and investigate synergistic interactions with pharmacological agents. This Special Issue covers the latest progress and challenges in studying neurodegeneration in

The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics. Related Books Feature Papers in Eng 2024 Engineering Feature Papers in Eng 2024 Engineering Feature Papers in Eng 2023 Engineering Interdisciplinary Insights in Engineering Research Engineering Interdisciplinary Insights in Engineering Research Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board L

This Special Issue is a collection of high-quality reviews and original papers from editorial board members, guest editors, and leading researchers discussing new knowledge or new cutting-edge developments in the field of engineering. Related Books Feature Papers in Eng 2022 Chemistry & Materials Science ... Feature Papers in Eng 2024 Engineering Feature Papers in Eng 2024 Engineering Feature Papers in Eng 2023 Engineering Interdisciplinary Insights in Engineering Research Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Obtaining an ISBN For Librarians MDPI Initiatives: MDPI Journals Scilit Sciforum Proceedings Series Preprints.org SciProfiles Encyclopedia JAMS Follo

Additive Manufacturing (AM), more popularly known as 3D printing, is transforming the industry. AM of metal components with virtually no geometric limitations has enabled new product design options and opportunities, increased product performance, shorter cycle time in part production, total cost reduction, shortened lead time, improved material efficiency, more sustainable products and processes, full circularity in the economy, and new revenue streams. This Special Issue of Metals gives an up-to-date account of the state of the art in AM. Related Books Additive Manufacturing (AM) of Metallic Alloys Chemistry & Materials Science ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals Engineering Advances in Additive Manufacturing for Metallic Materials and Their Applications (3rd Edition) Engineering Metal Additive Manufacturing Engineering Additive Manufacturing (AM) for Advanced Materials and Structures Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Boo

This book is a collection of several unique articles on the current state of research on complex concentrated alloys, as well as their compelling future opportunities in wide ranging applications. Complex concentrated alloys consist of multiple principal elements and represent a new paradigm in structural alloy design. They show a range of exceptional properties that are unachievable in conventional alloys, including high strength–ductility combination, resistance to oxidation, corrosion/wear resistance, and excellent high-temperature properties. The research articles, reviews, and perspectives are intended to provide a wholistic view of this multidisciplinary subject of interest to scientists and engineers. Related Books Light Alloys and High-Temperature Alloys Chemistry & Materials Science Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Alloys Chemistry & Materials Science Mechanical Alloying: Processing and Materials Chemistry & Materials Science New Advances in High-Entropy All

Deep underground mining and surface slope operations face complex geology, making them prone to water-related disasters like landslides and water inrush during extreme rainfall or intense mining activity. These disasters threaten safety, operational stability, and resource efficiency, often causing economic losses and environmental damage. Sustainable mining requires understanding disaster mechanisms, predictive methods, and prevention strategies to reduce waste. Modern technology is vital for disaster prevention and water management. Researchers use interdisciplinary methods to analyze risks. For example, studies on retaining structures in cold regions show prestressed concrete designs reduce dynamic loads, aiding debris flow prevention. Remote sensing and geospatial analysis monitor post-mining land movement and groundwater rebound, revealing links between climate-driven subsidence and mining-induced uplift. This informs environmental management in reclaimed areas. Research also explores groundwater seepage and uneven loading’s effects on roadway stability. Scaled physical modeling, acoustic emission monitoring, and numerical simulations clarify deformation stages and failure mechanisms in waterlogged rock masses, helping predict failure zones and guide targeted reinforcement. Additionally, studies on external factors like impact speed and projectile shape quantify their effects on structural response, offering guidelines for protective designs.

This reprint represents a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge research in the field of polymer materials and their hybrid composites tailored for optoelectronic applications. This reprint brings together contributions from leading experts across the globe, showcasing innovative approaches to developing advanced materials that push the boundaries of technology in areas such as solar cells, organic thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and sensors.This volume includes chapters on novel conjugated polymers designed for high-performance polymer solar cells/organic thin-film transistors, defect passivation strategies enhancing halide perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, it explores synergistic all-acceptor strategies for organic semiconductors, blue polymer LEDs optimized through layer thickness adjustments, and quantum dot-embedded polymer films for LCD backlight displays. Contributions also highlight environmentally friendly photoluminescent coatings for corrosion sensing, near-infrared responsive composites, and robust polymer materials for resistive switching memory.This compilation not only serves as an essential reference for researchers and engineers working at the forefront of material science but also provides valuable insights into future directions for polymer-based technologies. Readers will find this work indispensable for understanding how polymers and their hybrids can be engineered to meet the demands of modern optoelectronics.

The 45th Australasian Universities Building Education Association (AUBEA) conference was hosted by Western Sydney University’s (Kingswood Campus, Sydney, Australia) School of Engineering, Design, and Built Environment in collaboration with the Centre for Smart Modern Construction (Western Sydney University) between 23rd and 25th November 2022. This conference presented state-of-the-art research and adhered to the theme of “Global Challenges in a Disrupted World: Smart, Sustainable and Resilient Approaches in the Built Environment.” This Special Issue Reprint contains a selection of ten outstanding research papers that were presented at this conference. Related Books Selected Papers from CEES 2021, the first International Conference on Construction, Energy, Environment and Sustainability (Coimbra, 2021), on the topic of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies Engineering Selected Papers from Building A Better New Zealand (BBNZ 2014) Conference Reflecting on the Future of

This volume is a reprint of the Special Issue “Theory and Application of Web 3.0 in the Media Sector”. Launched to highlight vital multidisciplinary perspectives, the SI’s contents are both theory- and application-oriented. The advancements of computational processing and storage capacities (at affordable or decreasing costs), the evolution of content compression techniques, and the constant update of networking infrastructures led to the domination of the so-called User-Generated Content (UGC). The proliferation of mobile devices, offering inherent networking with enhanced content capturing and sharing capabilities, also fueling the models of Participatory and Citizens’ Journalism. Thus, the interest has shifted to semantic services, purposing, among others, to automate content production, publishing, validation, documentation, and management. Such technological solutions have already entered the media sector, with their successful growth and elaboration requiring multidisciplinary

This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis. Related Books Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Concomitant Medical Disorders Public Health & Healthcare ... Asthma and Allergic Inflammation: Risks, Mechanisms, and New Treatments Public Health & Healthcare ... Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (2nd Edition) Medicine & Pharmacology Clinical Advances in Allergy and Asthma: Issues, Strategies, and Future Directions Medicine & Pharmacology Molecular Mec

Modern computer technology has opened up new opportunities for the development of digital signal processing methods. The applications of digital signal processing have expanded significantly and today include audio and speech processing, sonar, radar, and other sensor array processing, spectral density estimation, statistical signal processing, digital image processing, signal processing for telecommunications, control systems, biomedical engineering, and seismology, among others. This Special Issue is aimed at wide coverage of the problems of digital signal processing, from mathematical modeling to the implementation of problem-oriented systems. The basis of digital signal processing is digital filtering. Wavelet analysis implements multiscale signal processing and is used to solve applied problems of de-noising and compression. Processing of visual information, including image and video processing and pattern recognition, is actively used in robotic systems and industrial processes

This is a collection of recent advances on sensors, systems, and signal/image processing methods for biomedicine and assisted living. It includes methods for heart, sleep, and vital sign measurement; human motion-related signal analysis; assistive systems; and image- and video-based diagnostic systems. It provides an overview of the state-of-the-art challenges in the respective topics and future directions. This will be useful for researchers in various domains, including computer science, electrical engineering, biomedicine, and healthcare researchers. Related Books Biomedical Sensing and Imaging Biology & Life Sciences ... Data, Signal and Image Processing and Applications in Sensors II Engineering Advanced Sensing and Image Processing Techniques for Healthcare Applications Engineering Sensing and Signal Processing in Smart Healthcare Engineering Signal Processing Using Non-invasive Physiological Sensors Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About

Modern agriculture faces the dual challenge of ensuring food production while preserving biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Crop pests remain a major threat to global food security, yet heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides has led to pest resistance, loss of beneficial organisms, pollinator decline, and environmental contamination. Addressing these issues requires sustainable pest management strategies that minimize chemical inputs, enhance ecosystem services, and protect pollinators—the cornerstone of agricultural productivity. This Special Issue, “Pests, Pesticides, Pollinators and Sustainable Farming,” presents thirteen multidisciplinary papers advancing ecologically compatible crop protection. The studies span field ecology, biocontrol, precision agriculture, and pollinator-friendly management, offering a roadmap toward sustainable production aligned with the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. Contributions highlight the value of habitat diversification and pollinator conservation, the potential of essential oils, microbial agents, and entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides, and the use of unmanned aerial systems, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence for precision pest detection.

Recently, the Journal of Risk and Financial Management completed a Special Issue comprising papers invited by Editorial Board Members, which included papers on a variety of topics related to applied financial economics and risk management. It contains a very diverse collection of papers that span many of the areas that the academic community is actively completing research on, making this Special Issue a leader in the disciplines in question. The aim was to provide an avenue for networking and communication between JRFM and scholars in the field of financial and economic risk and management, and the final collection represents a successful outcome. The printed collection of papers acts as an additional vehicle for the dissemination of this research that was published in the Special Issue, and hopefully will prove useful for research and teaching purposes alike.

This reprint delves into the cutting-edge developments and applications of nanomaterials in energy storage and catalysis. The journey through this reprint begins with an exploration of advanced nanomaterials designed for energy storage applications, including batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. It delves into the fundamental principles governing their design, synthesis, characterization and performance optimization, highlighting key breakthroughs and emerging trends. Transitioning into catalysis, the reprint showcases the pivotal role of nanomaterials in catalytic processes for energy conversion, environmental remediation and sustainable chemical engineering. Readers gain valuable insights into design strategies, catalytic mechanisms and performance enhancements enabled by nanomaterial-based catalysts, showcasing their potential to revolutionize diverse sectors. Throughout this reprint, an emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of nanomaterial research, highlight

In recent years, ironmaking and steelmaking have witnessed the incorporation of various new processes and technologies that can be operated and organized in different combinations depending on the properties of raw materials and the required quality of the final products. Indications from the steel industry and local and global government institutions suggest that the breakthrough technologies for decarbonization will be based on new fuels and energy vectors. For CO2-lean process routes, three major solutions have been identified: decarbonizing, whereby coal would be replaced by hydrogen or electricity in the hydrogen reduction or electrolysis of iron ore processes; the introduction of CCS technology; and the use of sustainable biomass. Today, hydrogen-based steelmaking is a potential low-carbon and economically attractive route, especially in countries where natural gas is cheap. By considering systems for increasing energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of steel

Current approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown impressive improvements in many important tasks: machine translation, language modeling, text generation, sentiment/emotion analysis, natural language understanding, and question answering, among others. The advent of new methods and techniques, such as graph-based approaches, reinforcement learning, or deep learning, have boosted many NLP tasks to a human-level performance (and even beyond). This has attracted the interest of many companies, so new products and solutions can benefit from advances in this relevant area within the artificial intelligence domain.This Special Issue reprint, focusing on emerging techniques and trendy applications of NLP methods, reports on some of these achievements, establishing a useful reference for industry and researchers on cutting-edge human language technologies. Related Books Natural Language Processing: Emerging Neural Approaches and Applications Computer Science & Mathematics

This book contains 10 reviewed papers published as a Special Issue “Global and International Logistics” in the journal Sustainability, edited by Prof. Dr. Ryuichi Shibasaki, Prof. Dr. Daisuke Watanabe, and Dr. Tomoya Kawasaki. The topics of the papers contain the impact of logistics development under the China’s Belt and Road initiative (BRI) by using the improved gravity model, strategies against barriers to the BRI from a logistics and supply chain management perspective, the dynamic interaction between international logistics, and cross-border e-commerce trade, the effect of China’s restrictive programs on the international trade of waste products, the empty container repositioning problem of shipping companies with foldable containers, port capacity and connectivity improvement in the hub and feeder network in Indonesia, GHG emission scenarios for the maritime shipping sector using system dynamics, incorporating a shipping and shipbuilding market model, the emission inventory and