Perpustakaan Digital

Sustainable green and efficient technologies are recognized as one of the greatest challenges in chemical engineering. It has been reported that photocatalysis is one of the most promising eco-friendly technologies that can work under milder operating conditions than conventional processes when photon activation is performed using a cost-effective light source rather than thermal activation. Many studies have concentrated on some applications of heterogeneous photocatalysis, such as air and water cleaning, organic synthesis, and hydrogen production. However, the low efficiency of photocatalysts becomes the bottleneck for these applications. Moreover, the sustainability of these processes implies high productivity with reduced costs in the synthesis of efficient photocatalysts, requiring high selectivity and kinetic rates. As a result, extensive research has been conducted on a range of topics, including the design and synthesis of photocatalysts; photocatalytic-mechanism clarificatio

The plant kingdom, with its terrestrial and marine natural products, has been widely explored. Plant-based products have long been used to prevent and treat various ailments. Many natural compounds have been reported to have a variety of interesting and significant biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesic, antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic, and antiproliferative, as well as cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, researchers pay special attention to the bioactive compounds synthesized by plants. Opportunities in functional ingredients and treatment of NCDs (oxidative stress, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc.) are widely explored. However, many therapeutic properties of plants are still to be discovered. This Special Issue reprint intends to substantially contribute to our knowledge of their beneficial properties. Natural products could be a vast resource in res

Contemporary exploitation of natural raw materials by borehole, opencast, underground, seabed, and anthropogenic deposits is closely related to, among others, geomechanics, automation, computer science, and numerical methods. More and more often, individual fields of science coexist and complement each other, contributing to lowering exploitation costs, increasing production, and reduction of the time needed to prepare and exploit the deposit. The continuous development of national economies is related to the increasing demand for energy, metal, rock, and chemical resources. Very often, exploitation is carried out in complex geological and mining conditions, which are accompanied by natural hazards such as rock bursts, methane, coal dust explosion, spontaneous combustion, water, gas, and temperature. In order to conduct a safe and economically justified operation, modern construction materials are being used more and more often in mining to support excavations, both under static and

Many recent studies on medical image processing have involved the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). This special issue, “Machine Learning/Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing”, has been launched to provide an opportunity for researchers in the area of medical image processing to highlight recent developments made in their fields with ML/DL. Seven excellent papers that cover a wide variety of medical/clinical aspects are selected in this special issue. Related Books Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Healthcare Data Processing and Analyzing Biology & Life Sciences ... Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Medical Imaging Informatics towards Diagnostic Decision Making Public Health & Healthcare Computational Medical Image Analysis Computer Science & Mathematics Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis Biology & Life Sciences ... Deep Neural Networks in Medical Imaging Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated us

The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound effects on all dimensions of life: individual, social, cultural, and public and economic health, among others. The contribution of social sciences is very relevant in understanding this disease and pandemic as well as its effects. It is also relevant for taking measures, such as, for example, compliance with physical distance, mask-wearing, no gatherings, and information to the population in a more efficient way. This book discusses topics such as COVID-19 in a risk society and its implications; the situation of patients with diabetes in a lockdown context; the technological, pedagogical, and social challenges posed by remote teaching; and, finally, the explanation of potential contributions of several specific social sciences that can shape both the taking of measures and their fulfilment in the desired direction. The book concludes with an analysis of the underlying social, psychological, and philosophical issues that are pandemic-related and

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, which promotes excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative damage. This oxidative environment plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications that significantly contribute to DM-associated morbidity and mortality. The global prevalence of DM continues to increase imposing substantial economic and healthcare burdens. Although lifestyle interventions constitute the primary strategies for DM prevention, natural products are widely used as complementary therapeutic options. These natural products contain structurally diverse bioactive compounds with demonstrated or potential antidiabetic effects. Their mechanisms of action include inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), modulation of insulin secretion and sensitivity, regulation of signaling pathways involved in glucose homeostasis, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Additionally, many natural compounds exert pleiotropic biological activities that may synergistically attenuate metabolic dysfunction and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. However, despite their extensive traditional use, rigorous scientific evidence regarding efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and optimal dosing remains limited. Therefore, systematic investigation of isolated compounds, crude extracts, and complex natural matrices is essential for developing safe, mechanism-informed therapeutic or adjuvant interventions for DM.

This reprint focuses on innovative methodologies based on remote sensing, as well as the monitoring and analysis of the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services on different scales. The published papers describe the use of innovative technologies for land cover change monitoring, ecosystem service modeling and mapping, and innovation in land-use planning, in addition to highlighting the potential of technologies to tackle challenges such as the sustainability of urbanization, climate change adaptation, and sustainable land management.

Discover cutting-edge research in our Special Issue, titled "Hydrogels for 3D Printing". This collection of articles and reviews delves into the multifaceted world of hydrogel-based 3D printing, covering essential topics such as material formulation, printing techniques, and post-processing methods. From optimizing rheological properties to enhancing cell viability, each contribution offers valuable insights into the transformative potential of hydrogels across various applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Do not miss this invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners striving to advance the field of 3D printing. Related Books Hydrogel-Based Novel Biomaterials: Achievements and Prospects Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Hydrogels Chemistry & Materials Science Gel-Based Materials for Biomedical Engineering Biology & Life Sciences ... Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine and Other Biomedical Applications Biology & Life Science

This reprint collects papers addressing valuable techniques to improve the efficiency and performance of power electronics when applied to power grids and electrical drives. The proposed techniques leverage several approaches, e.g., advanced converter topologies, innovative control algorithms, and wide bandgap power devices. Diverse application domains were covered: interfacing Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) with AC or DC microgrids; recharging ESSs in electric vehicles; increasing performance in variable speed electrical drives and direct online induction motors; applying electrical loss minimization techniques to microgrids based on RESs. After a short description of each contribution, some perspectives for future developments are also briefly given. Related Books Power Electronics in Renewable Systems Engineering Electrical Power Engineering and Renewable Energy Technologies Engineering Energy Efficiency in Electric Motors, Drives, Power Convert

Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are currently intensified by a strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste, microplastic formation, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. To a steadily increasing extend, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are considered a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources, and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion by the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Holistic

Musculoskeletal disorders are a serious burden for patients and modern society. In Europe alone, 100,000,000 individuals suffer from musculoskeletal disorders and 40,000,000 affected workers cause losses due to work absence and a productivity loss of EUR 12 billion per year. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders are the second most common cause of pain and disability. Adequate diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are key elements in the care for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, yet, for many musculoskeletal disorders, diagnostic tests lack appropriate accuracy. Treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is challenging as the mechanisms causing the complaints and mechanisms of action for the available treatment options are largely unknown. Moreover, these mechanisms and effectiveness might depend on specific patients’ characteristics and call for personalized strategies. This Special Issue invited researchers in the field to contribute to the state of the art in t

The contributions explore Muslim religious leadership in multiple forms and settings. While traditional authority is usually correlated with theology and piety, as in the case of classically trained ulema, the public advocacy of Muslim community concerns is often headed by those with professionalized skillsets and civic experience. In an increasingly digital world, both women and men exercise leadership in novel ways, and sites of authority are refracted from traditional loci, such as mosques and seminaries, to new and unexpected places. This collection provides systematic focus on a topic that has hitherto been given rather diffuse consideration. It complements historical work on community leadership as well as more contemporary discussion on the training and role of Islamic religious authorities. It will be of interest to scholars in Religious Studies, Sociology, Political Science, History, and Islamic Studies. Related Books Muslim Identity Formation in Contemporary Societies Social

History is the basis for our interpretation of humanity’s past. Indeed, new developments in digital humanities and the digitalization of archives can place historical sources in a new light. Systematized historical sources allow us to see the practical changes that have occurred over centuries of ethnobotany and analyze (although sometimes solely hypothesize on) the causes of such changes. Studying history helps us to understand the influences on the evolution of local ecological knowledge regarding plant use. In ethnobotany, numerous understudied historical sources await modern interpretations. Old uses enhanced by the new possibilities offered by modern technology can enrich our everyday lives. Yet understanding historical sources, especially in ethnobotany, where several disciplines are involved, is not univocal. Mistakes introduced by misidentified plants or information misinterpreted from old languages can have negative, long-term consequences. This Reprint of the 2nd edition of the Special Issue aims to provide examples of the critical analysis of various historical sources, provide insights into ongoing historical and diachronic studies on plant use, and introduce the best-practice guidelines for interpreting such data.

Quantum beams refer to neutrons and synchrotron radiation, and the facilities that use them are not familiar research methods. However, the micro-beams with high-brightness and high-energy X-rays have their penetrating power. The quantum beam has excellent capabilities for evaluating materials. Japan has the neutron facilities J-PARC and JRR-3, and the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. This reprint contains research articles that used these representative facilities in Japan. Specifically, it summarizes the latest research results on stress, strain, and texture using synchrotron radiation and neutrons in Japan. From of the perspective of materials, the works in this reprint cover a wide range of topics, not only including common metallic materials, but also coarse grains, welding materials, superconducting materials, construction materials, thermal barrier coatings, and composite materials. Measurement methods are based on diffraction. In terms of methodology, the time-of-flight method using neutrons, the double exposure method using synchrotron radiation suitable for coarse grains, the extended 3DXRD, and the constant penetration depth method are also included in this reprint. Numerical simulation techniques move into the mainstream in the evaluation of stress–strain of materials. However, when stress, strain, and texture are measured, the results of the numerical calculations differ from reality. As the saying goes, "seeing is believing"; science cannot advance with numerical calculations alone. By reading each of these papers, you should be able to find clues to solving the problems you are facing.

In recent times, research and technological advancements have opened an unprecedented window of opportunity for sports science to play a pivotal role in the holistic well-being of children. By harnessing the power of sports science, we can not only design, implement, and evaluate sports programs for young athletes but also address broader aspects of their health; therefore, the contemporary role of sports scientists in nurturing young talent cannot be understated, as they promote the most effective and efficient methods to support long-term sport and personal development. By integrating sports science principles into children’s health initiatives, we not only contribute to long-term sustained athletic performance but also foster comprehensive health outcomes . With appropriate immediate, short-term, and long-term interventions, we can enhance athletes’ adaptability to navigate the complex and ever-changing competitive landscape. Related Books Health Promotion in Children and Adolesc

The digital economy has significantly impacted countries throughout the world by contributing to the growth of the economy and the further progress of societies. Recent developments demonstrate that the information and innovation-driven era triggered integration of traditional activities and digital technologies. Moreover, the rise of innovation has been accelerating in emerging industries such as cleantech, the new generation of information technology, biotechnology, and high-end equipment manufacturing. The estimations provided by the World Economic Forum predict that “new value creation over the next decade will be based on digitally enabled platform business models”. Therefore, organizations must change the traditional approaches adopted and capture value in the context of digital disruptions. These tendencies raise a number of management challenges that need to be solved by the efforts of the scientific community. Therefore, this Special Issue provides the platform for a fruitfu

The recent development of underground space technology makes underground space a potential and feasible solution to climate change, energy shortages, the growing population, and the demands on urban space. Advances in material science, information technology, and computer science incorporating traditional geotechnical engineering have been extensively applied to sustainable and resilient underground space applications. The aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Underground Space Technology”, is to gather original fundamental and applied research related to the design, construction, and maintenance of underground space. Related Books Structural Analysis of Underground Space Construction Engineering Urban Underground Space Design: Structural Stability and Mechanics Analysis Engineering Geo-Environmental Problems Caused by Underground Construction Engineering Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Problems in the Design and Construction of Underground Buildings Engineering Ne

The book represents a collection of papers from Special Issue “Formation of Advanced Nanomaterials by Gas-Phase Aggregation” published in journal Applied Nano. It contains review and original articles covering a range of topics on the growth of clusters/nanoparticles using gas-phase aggregation approaches, the application of cluster beams for the formation of nanomaterials with advanced properties and specific nanostructures as well as providing new fundamental insights on nanoscale properties of materials. Related Books Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials Chemistry & Materials Science Plasma based Synthesis and Modification of Nanomaterials Medicine & Pharmacology ... Selected Papers from the 1st International Online Conference on Nanomaterials Chemistry & Materials Science Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials Chemistry & Materials Science Solution Synthesis, Processing, and Applications of Semiconducting Nanomaterials Chemi

Mathematical modelling in biomedicine is a rapidly developing scientific discipline at the intersection of medicine, biology, mathematics, physics, and computer science. Its progress is stimulated by fundamental scientific questions and by the applications to public health. This book represents a collection of papers devoted to mathematical modelling of various physiological problems in normal and pathological conditions. It covers a broad range of topics including cardiovascular system and diseases, heart and brain modelling, tumor growth, viral infections, and immune response. Computational models of blood circulation are used to study the influence of heart arrhythmias on coronary blood flow and on operating modes for left-ventricle-assisted devices. Wave propagation in the cardiac tissue is investigated in order to show the influence of tissue heterogeneity and fibrosis. The models of tumor growth are used to determine optimal protocols of antiangiogenic and radiotherapy. The mode

This Reprint addresses the emerging paradigm of AI-enhanced operation and management in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources. As renewable-rich power systems become increasingly complex and uncertain, AI is poised to reshape traditional operational practices and decision-making processes. The works collated within this Reprint present recent advances in data-driven wind and photovoltaic forecasting, intelligent state estimation and sensing, adaptive and robust scheduling of integrated energy systems, and AI-enabled decision-making for active distribution networks and coupled infrastructures. These studies demonstrate that AI technologies can complement or extend conventional model-based approaches to better manage variability, uncertainty, and scalability challenges. Beyond individual methods, this Reprint highlights a broader shift from static, centralized operation toward adaptive, distributed, and system-aware management frameworks. Several contributions illustrate that AI can integrate heterogeneous information across generation, grids, loads, and external systems, enabling more responsive and low-carbon operational strategies, while others emphasize uncertainty-aware pricing, robust optimization, and voltage or flexibility support aligned with physical and market constraints. By bringing together these perspectives, this Reprint provides a timely overview of how AI-enhanced methodologies are shaping the next generation of renewable-rich power systems.

Over the last few decades, the application of fractional calculus to real-world problems has grown rapidly, with dynamical systems described by fractional differential equations (FDEs) representing one of the ways by which to understand complex materials and processes. Due to the power required to model the non-locality, memory, spatial heterogeneity and anomalous diffusion inherent in many real-world problems, FDEs have attracted significant attention in many fields of science and are still under development. However, generally, fractional mathematical models from science and engineering are so complex that analytical solutions are not available. Therefore, the numerical solution is an effective tool in fractional mathematical models. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in fractional differential equations, reports the state-of-the-art numerical methods, and discusses the future trends and challenges.

This Reprint includes some research articles covering advances in the theory of stochastic modeling in Biology. In this framework, continuous- and discrete-time stochastic processes, as well as stochastic differential equations, fractional differential equations, correlated processes, first-passage-time problems, stochastic optimal controls, parameter estimation, and simulation techniques, are treated. The topics include stochastic processes for neuronal activity, jump-diffusion processes, first-passage-time problems, Markov and semi-Markov processes, time-changed processes, Markov chains, fractional processes, and fractional Brownian motion. Related Books Probability Theory and Stochastic Modeling with Applications Computer Science & Mathematics Stochastic Processes Computer Science & Mathematics ... Stochastic Processes with Applications Computer Science & Mathematics Probability, Stochastic Processes and Optimization Computer Science & Mathematics Mathematical Modeling in System

During the last several decades, the creative and cultural industries (CCIs) have increasingly been recognized for their role in local, regional, national and supranational economies; as drivers of economic growth, development and regeneration; and for their social and cultural impact on well-being, place-making, inclusion, sustainability, diversity and culture. On the other hand, the COVID-19 crisis has exposed the fragility and precarity of an industry dominated by micro-businesses and freelance and informal work practices, as well as having few tangible assets, calling into question the sustainability of economic models based on a high level of precarity in labor practices. This has led to some efforts (by governments and public bodies) to protect the industry from the pandemic’s impact. At the same time, lockdowns have also highlighted the importance of creative activity in maintaining individual well-being and community resilience as well as the innovative potential of the indus

Nanotechnology has offered a wide range of opportunities for the development and application of structures, materials, or systems with new properties in the food industry in recent years. The developed nanomaterials could greatly improve not only food quality and safety but also the foods’ health benefits. Therefore, the great potential of nanomaterial has provided a new perspective for researchers to dive deep into the material at the nano level. It is essential to further come up with novel techniques, methods, and products that have a direct application to nanotechnology in food science. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the current and projected outcomes made on nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, from nanomaterials design, conception and characterization to its application in a variety of food-related industries. Researchers are invited to submit their up-to-date original research articles, review works, and short communications to this Foods Special Issue: “P