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The ability to exploit the potential of wild relatives carrying beneficial traits is a major goal in breeding programs. However, it relies on the possibility of the chromosomes from the crop and wild species in interspecific crosses to recognize, associate, and undergo crossover formation during meiosis, the cellular process responsible for producing gametes with half the genetic content of their parent cells. Unfortunately, in most cases, a barrier exists preventing successful hybridization between the wild and crop chromosomes. Understanding the mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis are of great interest in plant breeding and will allow chromosome manipulation to introduce genetic variability from related species into a crop. In addition to interspecific hybrids, other materials, such as natural and synthetic polyploids and introgression lines derived from allopolyploids, among others, are powerful tools in the framework of plant breeding. For example, an ext

The growing demand for foods that contain added health ingredients and/or bioactive compounds that are able to produce a nutritional benefit for consumers requires continued and increased research efforts. From this perspective, the development of new functional and fortified foods with proven new functionality, even those obtained by using alternative ingredients as well as by innovative processes, is of extreme importance. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Development of Functional and Fortified Foods” is five-fold: (1) usage of alternative sources for the development of functional/fortified foods; (2) use of by-products as functional ingredients for new foods formulation; (3) identification of novel compounds/extracts to be employed as functional ingredients; (4) novel technologies to be applied for functional/foods formulations; (5) assessment of health benefits of functional/fortified products.

The present reprint contains the articles published in the Special Issue entitled “Recent Advances in Business and Industry: Mathematical Analysis, Sustainability Assessment Instruments and Methods”. The information included is highly valuable for all readers and has the power to attract academics, researchers, managers, leaders, and policymakers alike, due to the fact that it displays a wide range of aspects considered. Besides these, the details provided are extremely valuable in today’s context, since the mathematical methods described create meaningful insights into the key dimensions of sustainability as well as sustainability assessment. The reprint promotes the paramount idea that mathematics is one of the most powerful tools that ought to be used in achieving sustainability, especially in the context in which mathematics is an integrated part of our lives, creating spectacular connections with everything surrounding us at every single step. Additionally, mathematics pervades a myriad of aspects coming from these days’ reality, showing the importance of human resources and human resources management, finance for the environment, risk and risk management, business process management, entrepreneurial ecosystems, Industry 4.0 manufacturing systems, and not only these. The reprint has the immense power to offer a better and a more in-depth understanding of how mathematics can bring its inestimable contribution to sustainable progress and economic growth centered on the people, the communities, and the environment.

Econophysics and sociophysics are interdisciplinary research fields that merge social and economic problems using techniques derived from statistical physics. While econophysics delves into financial market behavior and wealth distribution inequality, sociophysics explores opinion formation, polls and technology adoption. Over the past three decades, these interdisciplinary fields have undergone significant development, capturing ongoing interest as they strive to provide statistical descriptions of various phenomena in the realm of social sciences. This Special Issue features articles exploring the importance of risk aversion, the inevitability of condensation even in the presence of equal opportunities, and methods to mitigate inequality through wealth redistribution. The focus is on the condensed state, the dynamics leading to it and the entropy behavior as systems approach condensation. Tax and risk aversion effects, along with model variations, are detailed in several articles.

The aim of this reprint focuses on the latest protocol research, software/hardware development and implementation, and system architecture design in addressing emerging security and privacy issues for modern wireless communication networks. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following: deep-learning-based security and privacy design; covert communications; information-theoretical foundations for advanced security and privacy techniques; lightweight cryptography for power-constrained networks; physical layer key generation; prototypes and testbeds for security and privacy solutions; encryption and decryption algorithm for low-latency constrained networks; security protocols for modern wireless communication networks; network intrusion detection; physical layer design with security consideration; anonymity in data transmission; vulnerabilities in security and privacy in modern wireless communication networks; challenges of security and privacy in node–edge–cloud compu

Nematodes are one of the most important pests globally and can cause up to 14\% loss of food crops. In total, nematodes cause over USD 100 billion in global crop damage annually. To date, only a few thousand PPN species have been described. Nematode identification has traditionally relied on morphological and anatomical characters using light microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy (SCN). Lately, integrative studies combining molecular diagnosis with morphology and taxonomy have been used to accurately identify and describe nematode species. Detailed analyses of morphological and molecular data have both significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the dynamic and complex nature of plant–nematode interactions. This book includes eleven chapters that cover different aspects of nematology research, from classical morphology and taxonomy to DNA analysis and phylogeny. It also includes very useful information on the rapid detection of plant-parasitic nemat

Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers fo

Old age is increasingly becoming the focus of research and development in Europe. Concerning orthopaedics and sports medicine, the elderly especially are considered as frail patients who need support to maintain the health of their musculoskeletal systems. For this reason, several interventions regarding physical activity have been investigated in recent years in order to understand whether some programs of physical activity are better than others as conservative treatments for degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies (i.e., osteoarthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, and lower back pain). Furthermore, several investigations have been carried out to understand the best preoperative and postoperative protocols of physical activity to improve the results of orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect the updated evidence concerning these topics in the form of a collection of systematic reviews of the literature. Related Books Orthopedic Treatment of Diseases and Frac

The Special Issue “The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health” presents a curated collection of cutting-edge research and reviews exploring how probiotics, prebiotics and functional foods contribute to human health. This volume highlights both studies and human trials that examine the production, formulation and efficacy of bioactive food components such as live microbial strains, ferment-derived metabolites, dietary fibers and fortified matrices. Emphasis is placed on the full continuum, from food innovation through to gut ecosystem modulation and systemic benefits — including immune regulation, metabolic health, cognitive performance and disease prevention. By bringing together multidisciplinary contributions from food science, microbiology, nutrition and clinical research, this Reprint offers an integrated perspective on how functional foods and microbial interventions can advance nutrition strategies and promote well-being across the lifespan. Authors and readers will find in this Reprint valuable insights into the latest trends in fermentation technologies, substrate–microbe synergies, microbiota–host cross-talk and translational evidence on health promotion. The collection also highlights the importance of characterizing food-matrix effects, dose–response relationships, and individual variability to guide future developments in personalized nutrition and microbiome-targeted therapies.

Professional development researchers and teacher educators have been striving to improve mathematics instruction for decades, but in many places, there has been an inertia of procedurally focused mathematics instruction that has been incredibly resistant to change. Even when specific professional development (PD) efforts have found success in certain contexts or with certain teachers, it has proven difficult to sustain and disseminate these instructional improvements on a broader scale. This Special Issue on PD for mathematics teachers includes contributions reflecting on the limitations of transformational PD (PD that seeks profound changes in mathematics instruction) and studies on innovative and incremental approaches to PD striving to make instructional changes more manageable for teachers in their busy lives and complex educational contexts, and perhaps thus more likely to sustain and spread. Some of the featured research on incremental PD breaks down transformational practices into specific pieces, whereas other studies provide teachers with choices of smaller facets of teaching upon which to focus. Overall, this Special Issue urges the field to consider how incremental approaches to PD for mathematics teachers might address some of the limitations of typical transformational efforts.

With the development of the aquatic feed industry, new feedstuff and feed additives have been developed, but their roles on the growth and immunity of different aquaculture animals remain to be examined. In addition to essential nutrients, feedstuffs and feed additives must contain some biologically active constituents to support fish growth and wellness. However, some also have adverse effects on growth performance through the introduction of undesirable materials. This Special Issue focuses on the application of feedstuffs and additives in aquaculture species’ growth and immunity, especially recently developed feedstuff and additives. Related Books Effect of Dietary Supplementation on the Growth and Immunity of Fish and Shellfish—2nd Edition Biology & Life Sciences Advances in Aquaculture Feed Additives Biology & Life Sciences Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology Biology & Life Sciences Marine Biologically Active Compounds as Feed Additives Biology & Life Sciences Amino Acid Supplem

This reprint presents a collection of significant contributions to advancement of the application of the mathematical modeling to biomechanics and the biomedical engineering. This publication contains a particularly diverse set of contributions. For instance, Latif and co-authors review the specifications to model the upper airways before mandibular advancement surgery. Calvo-Gallego et al. propose local stress and strain tensors-derived variables as candidates for bone mechanical stimuli. Sohail et al. present a methodology for total knee arthroplasty. Latorre et al. propose the use of estimated strains to develop a methodology for plaque segmentation in arterial vessels. Lertxundi et al. simulate the blood flow and the microsphere transport during radioembolization for liver cancer treatment. Mañosas et al. combine tissue clarification, advanced microscopy and image analysis to develop a one-dimensional computational model of murine microvasculature hemodynamics. Talygin et al. obt

This Special Issue has collected and presented breakthrough research on information processing methods and their applications. Particular attention is paid to the study of the mathematical foundations of information processing methods, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, digital image processing, and the use of information technologies in medicine. Related Books Digital Image Processing: Advanced Technologies and Applications Engineering Applied Computing and Artificial Intelligence Computer Science & Mathematics Advanced Sensing and Image Processing Techniques for Healthcare Applications Engineering Advanced Image Processing and Computer Vision Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities ... Data, Signal and Image Processing and Applications in Sensors II Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery

“Exclusive Feature Papers in Colorants” is a collection of important high-quality papers (original research articles or comprehensive review papers) published in open access. This Special Issue aims to discuss new knowledge or new cutting-edge developments in the colorants research field through selected works, in the hope of making a great contribution to the community. We intend for this issue to be the best forum for disseminating excellent research findings as well as sharing innovative ideas in the field. Related Books Feature Papers in Food Chemistry Biology & Life Sciences Feature Papers in Compounds Chemistry & Materials Science Feature Papers in Computational Chemistry Computer Science & Mathematics ... New Research Trends for Textiles, a Bright Future Chemistry & Materials Science Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Priva

Among infectious diseases, viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in the most low-income countries, particularly in young children. Most of the human viruses are all well characterized in terms of structure, life-cycle, tropism, and associated primary pathologies, but many of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying their ability to cause acute infection, persist or reactivate in the host and cause chronic and/or degenerative damage, and still need to be fully clarified. At the same time, it seems necessary to develop novel therapeutic approaches and rationale, and possibly more potent antiviral compounds that are addressed to novel targets. Related Books Antiviral Agents Biology & Life Sciences Virus Infection and Infectious Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Cell Biology of Viral Infections Biology & Life Sciences Viral Zoonoses: Interactions and Factors Driving Virus Transmission Biology & Life Sciences Influenza Virus and Vaccination Biology & Life Scien

Vegetables are of critical importance to the human diet, providing the vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber necessary for sustaining health. In light of a rising global population and increasing demand for nutritious vegetables, there is an urgent need to enhance vegetable production, quality, and resilience to environmental challenges. Genomics and breeding research have emerged as powerful tools in achieving these objectives by unraveling the genetic bases of important traits and  developing novel technologies and applications to breed new vegetable varieties with desirable characteristics. This Special Issue, entitled “Vegetable Genomics and Breeding Research”, comprises nine insightful and original research and review articles that aspire to shed light on recent advances in understanding the genetic mechanisms behind quality and stress-resistance traits in vegetables , as well as the application of cutting-edge breeding methodologies for vegetable crops. It provides valuable insights into the molecular bases of important quality and resistance traits in vegetables, which underpin the implementation of new breeding technologies facilitating the development of new cultivars. The development of multi-omics approaches, artificial intelligence, speed breeding, and molecular breeding technologies, along with their applications in vegetable breeding, will enhance the efficiency, precision, and adaptability of vegetable breeding in the future, promising to address the needs of consumers, growers, and the global climate challenge.

The impact of climate change on hydrological processes, droughts, land use patterns, and ecosystem health is a critical area of research for understanding and managing the future of our planet. At the same time, changes in land use, agricultural methods, and population growth may contribute to climate change. With its ability to process large datasets and identify hidden patterns, deep learning has provided new tools for analyzing complex environmental data and developing predictive models. These tools offer a promising avenue for advancing our potential response to environmental challenges. This Special Issue brings together researchers from diverse fields, applying deep learning methods and new models to investigate climate change drivers and their impact on droughts, desertification, ice sheet melting, land use changes, and ecosystem service value. The goal is to enhance the capacity for predicting the interrelationships between the above-mentioned environmental components.

The journal Axioms has achieved a remarkable increase in the number of papers published, as well as a significant growth in citations over the past decade. In order to mark this significant milestone, I am glad to lead this Special Issue entitled “10th Anniversary of Axioms: Mathematical Analysis". Related Books 10th Anniversary of Axioms: Mathematical Physics Physical Sciences Special Issue in Honor of the 60th Birthday of Professor Hong-Kun Xu Computer Science & Mathematics Mathematical Analysis and Applications II Computer Science & Mathematics 10th Anniversary of Axioms: Logic Computer Science & Mathematics Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences Computer Science & Mathematics The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter

In recent years, AI/ML tools have become more prevalent in the fields of medical imaging and imaging informatics, where systems are already outperforming physicians in a range of domains, such as in the classification of retinal fundus images in ophthalmology, chest X-rays in radiology, and skin cancer detection in dermatology, among many others. It has recently emerged as one of the fastest growing research areas given the evolution of techniques in radiology, molecular imaging, anatomical imaging, and functional imaging for detection, segmentation, diagnosis, annotation, summarization, and prediction. The ongoing innovations in this exciting and promising field play a powerful role in influencing the lives of millions through health, safety, education, and other opportunities intended to be shared across all segments of society. To achieve further progress, this Special Issue (SI) invited both research and review-type manuscripts to showcase ongoing research progress and developmen

The use of robots in marine and underwater applications is growing rapidly. These applications share the common requirement of modeling the environment and estimating the robots’ pose. Although there are several mapping, SLAM, target detection and localization methods, marine and underwater environments have several challenging characteristics, such as poor visibility, water currents, communication issues, sonar inaccuracies or unstructured environments, that have to be considered. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the current research trends in the topics of underwater localization, mapping, SLAM, and target detection and localization. To this end, we have collected seven articles from leading researchers in the field, and present the different approaches and methods currently being investigated to improve the performance of underwater robots. Related Books Applications and Development of Underwater Robotics and Underwater Vision Technology Computer Science & Mathema

This book entitled “Toxicology and Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials” covers some recent insights into adverse but beneficial effects of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. Renowned experts in the field contributed to this Special Issue to make this an interesting read for both scholars and students. Related Books Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 2.0 Biology & Life Sciences The Two Faces of Nanomaterials Medicine & Pharmacology ... Nanomaterials Ecotoxicity Evaluation Environmental & Earth Sciences Toxicity Evaluation of Nanoparticles Chemistry & Materials Science ... Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pa

This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included. Related Books Advance Nanomaterials for Biosensors Engineering Biosensors for Diagnosis and Monitoring Public Health & Healthcare ... Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes Engineering Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications Public Health & Healthcare ... Nanometre-Scale Biosensors for Applications in Medicine/Environment/F

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, representing approximately 4\% of all new cancer cases. The prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer depend on the tumor type and its stage at the time of diagnosis. An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan can improve the prognosis and reduce the possibility of mortality. The standard treatments (surgery and radioiodine treatment) and new options (molecular targeting drugs) for patients with aggressive thyroid cancers have kept the mortality rate of this malignancy low, despite the increase in its incidence. This Special Issue highlights the role of different diagnostic procedures, as well as therapeutic and prognostic markers, in the personalized treatment of thyroid cancer.

This Special Issue showcases advancements in solar thermal energy technologies through interdisciplinary research spanning intelligent system design, advanced materials, and computational innovation. Key studies include next-generation SCADA architectures for CSP plant control, photothermal-enhancing nanofluids, phase-change thermal energy storage, novel solar concentrators, solar-driven reactors, and nanoscale heat transfer mechanisms. The Special issue also includes a comprehensive review linking solar energy to photocatalytic water purification. By integrating experiments with computational modeling, these studies collectively address critical challenges in solar efficiency, thermal management, and sustainable energy integration, charting pathways for scalable renewable energy solutions.