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This Reprint spans a broad and interdisciplinary spectrum of topics in graphene and two-dimensional materials science, while naturally converging into four coherent thematic areas that reflect the current frontiers of the field. The first theme focuses on the development of graphene nanoribbons, ranging from advanced modeling approaches to the realization of functional devices with tailored electronic and transport properties. The second area addresses the properties and applications of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, highlighting their structural, chemical, and functional versatility across diverse technological domains. The third theme explores graphene-based silicon heterostructures, with particular emphasis on optoelectronic applications and interface-driven phenomena. Finally, this Reprint extends beyond graphene to encompass emerging two-dimensional materials, offering new perspectives on novel physical properties and device concepts.

This reprint of the Special Issue, titled “Advanced Inorganic Semiconductor Materials, 2nd Edition”, presents a curated collection of original research articles and comprehensive reviews that highlight the latest breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization, and application of inorganic semiconductors. Covering a wide spectrum of topics—ranging from metal–halide perovskites and 2D materials to photocatalytic nanostructures, dielectric polymers, and transition metal dichalcogenides—this volume reflects the dynamic evolution of material design for energy, environmental, electronic, and optoelectronic applications.With contributions from leading researchers across China, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, this edition offers global perspectives and interdisciplinary insights into semiconductor materials science. It is an essential resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the current trends and future directions of inorganic semiconductors.

Since the advent of the “modern” age, the main mystical trend of Islam, namely Sufism, has become the target of novel, multifaceted criticism in the Muslim World. The strong denunciation of “folk” Sufism by Muslim purists and fundamentalists of the eighteenth century onwards—who often consider mystical Islam to be a major part of, and reason for, the deviation from an imagined, pristine Islam—was followed by a fresh wave of Sufi antagonism by a group of Muslim modernists and secular thinkers from the nineteenth century, who regard Sufism as something belonging to the past and thus incompatible with the present. Notwithstanding these intense and multifarious critiques, Sufism has remained an active part of Muslim life and culture in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority areas, even extending its presence to new spheres such as Europe and America. The current Special Issue analyzes and examines different aspects of such vibrant activity and scrutinizes the dynamics of the beliefs, p

The Special Issue aimed to bring together scientists working in various branches of control theory to discuss manufacturing control problems that include the following: enterprise control and digital ecosystem creation; the development of identification theory and methodology, and related mathematical problems; parameter, nonparametric, and structure identification and expert analysis; problems regarding selection and data analysis; control systems with an identifier; modeling in intelligent systems; simulation procedures and software; digital identification; reinforcement learning; quantum modeling; intelligent model predictive control; predictive cognitive issues; problems with software quality for complex systems; and global network resources for support processes of modeling and control. Related Books Advanced Digital, Modeling and Control Applies into Various Processes Computer Science & Mathematics Data-Driven Intelligent Modeling and Optimization Algorithms for Industrial Pro

We know that sustainability has become an important topic in every aspect of life. The textile, fashion, and material industries must also be sustainable, which could be imparted in their development, production, or even marketing. The textile industry has a huge market, as clothing is arguably the most important human need after food. Recently, this industry has been labeled as a polluting industry, a label that could be overcome by the proper development of textile goods and careful marketing strategies. There are specific roles that government, entrepreneurs, and even universities can play in properly educating people to make the textile industry cleaner and greener. Several journals focus only on one of the aspects of this key problem, i.e., the production of sustainable materials, textile education, or textile marketing. However, herein, we strive to bring different areas together on one platform to cover different aspects, i.e., production, policy, education, and marketing rela

Mathematical modeling is routinely used in physical and engineering sciences to help understand complex systems and optimize industrial processes. Mathematical modeling differs from Artificial Intelligence because it does not exclusively use the collected data to describe an industrial phenomenon or process, but it is based on fundamental laws of physics or engineering that lead to systems of equations able to represent all the variables that characterize the process. Conversely, Machine Learning methods require a large amount of data to find solutions, remaining detached from the problem that generated them and trying to infer the behavior of the object, material or process to be examined from observed samples. Mathematics allows us to formulate complex models with effectiveness and creativity, describing nature and physics. Together with the potential of Artificial Intelligence and data collection techniques, a new way of dealing with practical problems is possible. The insertion

Advances in synthesis of metallic, oxidic and composite powders were presented via the following methods: ultrasound-assisted leaching¸ ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, ball milling, molten salt electrolysis, galvanostatic electrolysis, hydrogen reduction, thermochemical decomposition, inductively coupled thermal plasma, precipitation and high pressure carbonation in an autoclave. This Special Issue contains 17 papers from Europe, Asia, Australia, South Africa and the Balkans. The synthesis was focused on metals: Co, Cu; Re; oxides: ZnO, MgO, SiO2; V2O5; sulfides: MoS2, core shell material: Cu-Al2O3, Pt/TiO2; compounds: Ca0.75Ce0.25ZrTi2O7, Mo5Si3, Ti6Al4V. The environmentally friendly strategies were presented at the carbonation of olivine, treatment of acid mine drainage water and production of vanadium oxide. Related Books Advanced Powder Metallurgy Technologies Chemistry & Materials Science Metals Powders Chemistry & Materials Science Synthesis, Properti

Obesity is a pressing public health issue, closely linked to metabolic comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Excessive or inappropriate nutrient intake triggers chronic inflammation, disrupts metabolic pathways, and leads to insulin resistance and systemic dysfunction. Nutritional interventions are increasingly recognized as effective tools for managing obesity and related disorders. This Special Issue of Biomolecules explores the molecular roles of macro- and micro-nutrients, alongside current dietary guidelines. We delve into the key metabolic pathways and mechanisms by which nutrients influence obesity and metabolic diseases, including the role of the gut microbiota in modulating metabolic responses to nutrition, offering insights into how diet and microbial interactions shape human metabolic health. This Reprint aims to advance understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic liver disease, cardiometabolic disorders, and malnutrition. We collected original research and reviews on innovative nutritional strategies, molecular mechanisms, and preclinical discoveries.

Zebrafish are an attractive vertebrate model used in drug discovery. Due to their small size, external development, and transparency, zebrafish embryos are compatible with multiwell plates for high-throughput screening. Based on the availability of zebrafish genome sequences, the ease of creating transgenic and genetic mutants, and the conservation of signal transduction pathways, a variety of human diseases have been modeled using zebrafish. Moreover, biological pathways, such as physiological and molecular events, which control the development and function of most organ systems, including the cardiovascular, skeletal, nervous, digestive, and visual systems of zebrafish, are similar to those in mammals. The zebrafish reference genome published in 2013 has further accelerated the use of zebrafish in human disease modeling. Over the last two decades, zebrafish have become popular in pharmaceutical and toxicological research. Consequently, several drugs used to treat human diseases (including tuberculosis, neuronal, and auditory disorders, as well as several types of cancer) have been identified from zebrafish screens. Such advances in this area of research have established zebrafish as an invaluable human disease model. This collection of articles aims to cover current research and provide an overview of the advances made in the area of drug discovery and disease modeling using the zebrafish model.

This Special Issue compiles recent research studies, findings, and accomplishments pertaining to the advanced planning, construction, monitoring, maintenance, and administration of railway infrastructure. Within this collection, a diverse range of innovative and unique research topics is featured, encompassing advanced analytical and numerical simulation methodologies, alongside experimental contributions applied to the field of railway infrastructure. The scientific themes explored in this issue can be outlined as follows: structural integrity; structural condition assessment; automatic damage detection/identification; wayside and onboard monitoring systems; digital twins; model calibration and validation; novel health monitoring; new sensors and technologies (photogrammetry, laser scanning, drones, wireless); computer vision techniques; non-destructive testing (NDT); remote inspection strategies; BIM; Big Data and Internet of Things; artificial intelligence; augmented reality and v

The Special Issue Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, belonging to the section Engineering Mathematics of the Journal Mathematics, publishes original research papers involving advanced simulation and modeling techniques. The present reprint, “Modeling and Simulation in Engineering 2nd Edition, 2023”, contains 13 papers accepted after peer review by recognized specialists in the field. The papers address different topics in engineering that use modeling, optimization as well as experimental and numerical methods. The subject of the papers addresses technical problems such as adaptive contoller design for non-linear systems, simulation of light scattering produced by special paints, estimation of the magnetic field produced by overhead power lines, angle estimation using inertial measurement units, study of multiple transfer phenomena in viscuous fluid flow, optimization of aircraft tail using numerical methods, the study of new types of adjustable speed drives, investigation of na

The present reprint contains 14 papers accepted and published in the Special Issue of the MDPI Mathematics journal, entitled "Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing – Dedicated to the Centenary of the Birth of Lotfi A. Zadeh (1921-2017)", which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing. More precisely, these topics include:  mathematical programming problems with coefficients and/or decision variables expressed by fuzzy numbers; soft computing methods in a fuzzy environment;  fuzzy inner product spaces; M-hazy vector spaces;  interval ranges of fuzzy sets; arithmetic operations of fuzzy sets; gradual numbers;  Interval-valued fuzzy soft sets; interval-valued fuzzy soft topology; preference relationships; L-fuzzy sub-effect algebras; Fuzzy differential subordinations;  m-polar fuzzy set in semigroups;  practical use of the marks; the  fuzzy logic approach for decision-making systems in management control; multigranulation rough se

This SI is a collection of articles representative of much of the current research being undertaken in the field of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS is a fascinating, multidisciplinary field of scientific study which combines elements from chemistry, physics, material science, and engineering. Essentially, SERS is a molecular spectroscopy technique by which a measurable Raman signal for molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces is generated through the interaction of laser light, absorbed molecules, and structured nanomaterial surfaces. This SI contains an article regarding the fabrication of metal nanostructured Ag-Cu chips for SERS chemical analysis and ] the electromagnetic properties of Ag, Au, and Al nano-tips for use in the SERS imaging technique for tip-enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS). In another article, SERS spectra were simulated using density Functional Theory (DFT/TD-DFT) for the N3 dye molecule on a TiO2 nanocluster, which can be compared

This book is a collection of papers for the Special Issue “Quantitative Methods for Economics and Finance” of the journal Mathematics. This Special Issue reflects on the latest developments in different fields of economics and finance where mathematics plays a significant role. The book gathers 19 papers on topics such as volatility clusters and volatility dynamic, forecasting, stocks, indexes, cryptocurrencies and commodities, trade agreements, the relationship between volume and price, trading strategies, efficiency, regression, utility models, fraud prediction, or intertemporal choice. Related Books Quantitative Methods in Economics and Finance Business & Economics Advanced Methods in the Mathematical Modeling of Economics, Econometrics, and Financial Management Business & Economics Financial Econometrics and Quantitative Economic Analysis Business & Economics Featured Papers in Mathematics and Finance Business & Economics Computational Methods for Risk Management in Economics and

This Reprint compiles original research articles, reviews, and a case report from the Special Issue “Development of Specific Dosage Forms: Wound Dressing” (Pharmaceuticals), highlighting recent advances in modern wound management. The contributions illustrate the evolution of wound dressings from passive barriers to active therapeutic systems capable of modulating inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, and tissue regeneration. The articles highlight the development of advanced polymeric dressings, including hydrogels, foams, films, nanofibrous scaffolds, and smart responsive materials. Several studies explore the incorporation of plant-derived bioactive compounds and active pharmaceutical ingredients into biocompatible matrices, demonstrating synergistic effects that enhance healing efficacy, antimicrobial performance, and patient comfort. Other contributions focus exclusively on polymer-based systems, emphasizing how material architecture and physicochemical properties alone can significantly influence healing outcomes. The review articles synthesize progress in polymeric biomaterials and electrospinning technologies, while a case report highlights the role of biomaterial–cell interactions as potential prognostic tools. Altogether, this Reprint presents a multidisciplinary perspective on modern wound dressing development and serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists.

This reprint compiles frontier research in dynamical systems and control, both in theoretical and application advancements. The study of dynamical systems and control is fundamental to promoting progress in engineering, and in this reprint, the topics of chaos and bifurcations, complex systems, fractional difference equations, fractional differential equations, fuzzy systems, linear systems, modeling, non-linear control systems, stability and robust stability, as well as stability of pseudo-polynomials and quasi-polynomials topics are considered.

Science has tremendously advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain. Breakthrough findings include functional and structural brain changes, neuro-inflammation, sensory changes, immune alterations, psychological problems, neurocognitive disorders, stress intolerance, sleep impairments, and (epi)genetic changes found in patients with chronic pain. This Journal of Clinical Medicine Boutique Special Issue focuses on the broad field of the biology of chronic pain in humans. It includes invited state-of-the-art papers addressing key biological processes in patients with chronic pain and original research reports. The state-of-the-art papers were written by leading experts and key opinion leaders in the field. This Special Issue contributes to an exciting area of tremendous advancements and breakthrough research. Related Books Clinical Management of Chronic Pain Medicine & Pharmacology Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Pain Medicine & Pharmacology Chronic P

The present reprint contains the 11 articles published in the Special Issue “Advances in Delay Differential Equations” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The papers cover a wide range of topics connected to the theory of differential equations with delay. These topics include, among others, the construction of solutions, analytical and numerical methods for; dynamical properties of; and applications of DDE to the mathematical modeling of various phenomena and processes in physics, biology, ecology, and medicine. It is hoped that the reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of differential equations with delays and nonlinear dynamics, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background who are willing to become familiar with recent advances in mathematical modelling, which have now entered almost all areas of science. Related Books Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology, 2nd Edition Computer Science &

Microorganisms is pleased to publish this book, which reprints papers that appeared in a Special Issue on “Phototrophic Bacteria”, with Guest Editors Robert Blankenship and Matthew Sattley. This Special Issue included research on all types of phototrophic bacteria, including both anoxygenic and oxygenic forms. Research on these bacterial organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the basic principles that underlie the energy storage that takes place in all types of photosynthetic organisms, including both bacterial and eukaryotic forms. Topics of interest include: microbial physiology, microbial ecology, microbial genetics, evolutionary microbiology, systems microbiology, agricultural microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and environmental microbiology, as all are related to phototrophic bacteria. Related Books Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria Biology & Life Sciences ... Materials for Photobiology Biology & Life Sciences Myxobacteria Biology & Life Sciences

Symmetry and quantum mechanics are two of the most fundamental probes we have of nature. This collection of eleven papers discusses new quantum phenomena in atoms, galaxies, and people (quantum cognition), which is a testimonial to the breadth of the influence of symmetry and quantum mechanics. The book represents an international effort of researchers from educational and research institutions in nine countries, including India, Finland, France, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States.  The papers can be divided into four broad categories:   Fundamentals of quantum systems, including a new derivation of the uncertainty principle from optimal stochastic control theory, a new model of energy transfer between atoms with no wave function collapse, a new asymmetric optical micro-device with the remarkable property of showing a current with no applied voltage, and a model of quantum cognition to predict the effect of irrelevant information on decision making. 2. Alge

In this issue, psychometrics researchers were invited to make reanalyses or extensions of a previously published dataset from a recent paper by Myszkowski and Storme (2018). The dataset analyzed consisted of responses to a multiple-choice logical reasoning nonverbal test, comprising the last series of Raven’s (1941) Standard Progressive Matrices. Although the original paper already proposed several modeling strategies, this issue presents new or improved procedures to study the psychometrics properties of tests of this type. Related Books How Intelligence Can Be a Solution to Consequential World Problems Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Psycho-Educational Assessments: Theory and Practice Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Statistical Data Modeling and Machine Learning with Applications II Computer Science & Mathematics The Great Debate Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Scientific Reasoning in Science Education: From Global Measures to Fine-Grained Descriptions of Students' Competen

This Reprint gathers recent research on the modelling, optimisation, cybersecurity, and operation of modern electric power systems with high penetrations of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and distributed energy resources. The contributions address system-level transformation, distribution network operation, and digital innovation for smart grids. Included studies examine modelling pathways toward net-zero power systems, the impact of digital technologies on sustainability, and technical frameworks for distribution system operators integrating distributed energy resources. Distribution-level challenges such as network reconfiguration, medium-voltage islands with high prosumer penetration, and flexible demand-side management are also explored. Data-driven and artificial intelligence methods feature prominently, including comparative analyses of gradient boosting and deep learning for short-term load forecasting and optimisation-based approaches to enhance smart grid reliability. Cybersecurity and resilience are central themes, with investigations of cyber attacks, intrusion detection, authentication in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and secure EV grid integration strategies. Collectively, the contributions offer an integrated perspective on the technical, operational, and security challenges shaping resilient, intelligent, and sustainable power systems in the era of deep electrification.

This Special Issue is dedicated to transition-metal-containing bifunctional catalysts, their design, and catalytic applications. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are highly demanded in modern chemical industry. Nanosized mono- and bimetallic particles as well as complexes of transition metals are well known as catalysts for many processes, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, deoxygenation, carbonylation, cross-coupling, etc. The search for novel supports is of high importance, and the optimization of catalysts’ morphology and functionalities is a constantly developing field. The Special Issue is focused on bifunctional catalysts, which is an emerging field of catalysis including a variety of systems: bimetallic, magnetically separable, inorganic (oxidic and carbonaceous), and polymeric systems.

I am proud to present this Special Issue, “Emergency Medicine: Clinical Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment,” dedicated to new advances and challenges in emergency medicine. In an ever-evolving world, emergency medicine remains a benchmark for knowledge and prompt action in critical situations. This reprint is a tribute to the medical achievements, dedication, and profound compassion of those who dedicate their lives to saving others. This Special Issue describes the clinical advances and complex challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Each article is designed to give readers a deeper understanding of the latest findings and solutions in this dynamic field. In closing, I hope you can join this journey of knowledge and contribute, each uniquely, to the evolution and improvement of this fascinating field, emergency medicine. I express my gratitude to all of the authors for their valuable contributions and efforts in making this reprint a reality and to our readers for joi