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This Special Issue focuses on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on biological systems and the use of these effects for exploring the structure, function, and molecular dynamics of biological macromolecules and their ensembles. Here, we present a selection of papers highlighting new experimental findings and new theoretical concepts in high-pressure biosciences. In these studies, the authors combine pressure perturbation approaches with NMR and optical spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic techniques, functional genomics and transcriptomics, and molecular dynamics simulations to gain new insights into the conformational dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids and to better understand the mechanisms of high-pressure adaptation in piezophiles. The articles collected in this issue demonstrate the unique exploratory potential of the pressure perturbation approach for biochemistry, biophysics, mechanistic enzymology, and evolutionary biology. Related Books Materials under High Pressure

Despite many years of efforts to reduce the emission of toxic pollutants into the environment, the contamination of air, soils and water by heavy metals and organic xenobiotics is still a serious problem. This has urged many scientists around the world to undertake research that aims to find effective methods of removing pollutants from the environment. Special attention is paid to biological methods, which, thanks to their numerous advantages, meet the expectations of the whole society. As part of the Special Issue “Study of Biodegradation and Bioremediation”, in the MDPI journal Processes, several valuable articles have been published, which together form a picture of the current state of advanced research on the effective fight against environmental pollution. These include papers on the biodegradation of petroleum compounds or synthetic dyes by microorganisms or the enzymes they produce. In addition, the Special Issue includes papers on the bioremediation of dangerous heavy metal

During the past decades, the subject of calculus of integrals and derivatives of any arbitrary real or complex order has gained considerable popularity and impact. This is mainly due to its demonstrated applications in numerous seemingly diverse and widespread fields of science and engineering. In connection with this, great importance is attached to the publication of results that focus on recent and novel developments in the theory of any types of differential and fractional differential equation and inclusions, especially covering analytical and numerical research for such kinds of equations. This book is a compilation of articles from a Special Issue of Mathematics devoted to the topic of “Recent Investigations of Differential and Fractional Equations and Inclusions”. It contains some theoretical works and approximate methods in fractional differential equations and inclusions as well as fuzzy integrodifferential equations. Many of the papers were supported by the Bulgarian Nation

Cancer affects a large proportion of the global population and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, ranking second according to the World Health Organization. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, major challenges, such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and limited tumor selectivity, continue to drive the search for more effective therapies and improved drug delivery strategies. This Special Issue brings together original research and review articles highlighting recent progress in cancer treatment. Contributions cover diverse approaches, including novel small-molecule anticancer agents, epigenetic modulators, nanotechnology-based and combination therapies, externally activated targeted treatments, drug repurposing, and immunotherapy. The collection reflects the multidisciplinary nature of modern oncology, spanning mechanistic insights and translational applications. The Issue also presents emerging experimental platforms and enabling technologies, including 3D in vitro cancer models, organoid-based drug testing, and machine learning-supported preclinical research. Novel therapeutic modalities—such as photothermal and photoimmunotherapy, nanovesicle drug delivery, dual-action treatments, and natural compounds—are also explored. Overall, this collection highlights innovative strategies aimed at improving the efficacy, selectivity, and safety of cancer therapies and advancing more personalized treatment approaches.

The experience of migration and immigration are key determinants of health and overall well-being. Social inequities and contexts of poverty and violence all significantly impact migrants’ health and well-being.  Furthermore, migrants are vulnerable to isolation, exclusion, discrimination, xenophobia, and insecurity, all of which exacerbate their health challenges. Migrants in irregular or undocumented situations are especially at risk of exploitation, trafficking, detention, and deportation.  These social determinants of health have an adverse effect on migrant health.  This Reprint provides empirical evidence, contextual insights, and critical analyses that explore the links between migration, migration status, and health and well-being. By adopting an interdisciplinary, international, and multi-method approach, the issue features contributions from scholars based in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Australia, France, Spain, and China. These scholars represent diverse fields including sociology, psychology, anthropology, geography, political science, international relations, medicine, public health, social work, and Latino and Latin American Studies. Through these varied perspectives, this Reprint provides evidence about how social and immigration policies have a direct effect on health and life expectancy.

Aptamers are bioaffinity molecules with many advantages, including in vitro generation, low cost, and a wide acceptance of chemical modification. Combined with transduction technologies, aptamers can be further utilized to develop aptasensors, which have superior merits of low cost, rapid response, high sensitivity and selectivity, etc. Thus, aptamers and aptasensors have excellent bioapplication potential in the field of analytical chemistry, in areas such as disease diagnosis, food analysis, environment monitoring, etc. This Special Issue is devoted to the dissemination of research on aptamer generation and bioapplication. We will cover a wide range of advanced studies on aptamer-related exploration in the scope of this Special Issue. Related Books Aptamers Engineering Novel Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Chemistry & Materials Science Biosensing and Bioimaging Medicine & Pharmacology ... Feature Papers in Applied Biosciences 2023 Biology & Life Sciences Bioassays and Biosensors

Two-phase gas–liquid flows are frequently encountered in the energy, nuclear, chemical, geothermal, oil and gas and refrigeration industries. Two-phase gas–liquid flows can occur in various forms, such as flows transitioning from pure liquid to vapor as a result of external heating, separated flows behind a flow's sudden expansion or constriction, dispersed two-phase flows where the dispersed phase is present in the form of liquid droplets, or gas bubbles in a continuous carrier fluid phase (i.e. gas or liquid). Typically, such flows are turbulent with a considerable interfacial interaction between the carrier fluid and the dispersed phases. The interfacial heat and mass transfer is very important in the modeling of such flows. The variety of flow regimes significantly complicates the theoretical prediction of hydrodynamics of the two-phase flow. It requires the application of numerous hypotheses, assumptions, and approximations. Often, the complexity of flow structures makes it impo

In our globalized world, the need to produce quality and safe food has increased exponentially in recent decades to meet the growing demands of the world population. This expectation is being met by acting at multiple levels, but mainly through the introduction of new technologies in the agricultural and agri-food sectors. In this context, agricultural, livestock, agro-industrial buildings, and agrarian infrastructure are being built on the basis of a sophisticated design that integrates environmental, landscape, and occupational safety, new construction materials, new facilities, and mechanization with state-of-the-art automatic systems, using calculation models and computer programs. It is necessary to promote research and dissemination of results in the field of mechanization and agricultural structures, specifically with regard to farm building and rural landscape, land and water use and environment, power and machinery, information systems and precision farming, processing and p

Foaming of polymeric materials enables weight reduction, which is very important from the economic point of view, but most of all, it should be considered as an excellent means to provide new properties to various polymeric materials. Permanent developments in foaming technologies allow manufacturing of foams with micro- and even nano-sized pores, expanding the already very wide range of their applications. Except for the most conventional applications, which include damping materials, thermal and acoustic insulation, packaging materials or absorbents, applications in catalysis, fuel cells, tissue engineering, and electromagnetic shielding, often associated with nanocellular structures, have become more and more popular.Moreover, having in mind the ongoing trends and law regulations, it is important to remember the environmental impact of polymeric foams. Recent technological developments often involve biodegradability of foams, application of environmentally friendly raw materials,

Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Related Books Aquatic Ecosystems Biology & Life Sciences Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs Environmental & Earth Sciences Impact of Environmental Factors on Aquatic Ecosystem Environmental & Earth Sciences Impacts of Environmental Change and Human Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental & Earth Sciences Effects of Species Introduction on Aquatic Communities En

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovial joints, but RA-associated systemic inflammation can cause various extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Despite a remarkable therapeutic revolution in recent years, rheumatologists are confronted by many difficulties in the daily practice of managing RA patients. This Special Issue includes six reviews and seven original articles that provide up-to-date information on the concepts of RA pathogenesis and advances in diagnosis and treatment strategies using biological and nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The clinical significance of autoantibodies as biomarkers and long-term outcomes of joint damage and function in RA patients are also addressed. Additionally, this collection highlights the management of RA patients with extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities such as interstitial lung disease, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and malignancy. This Special Issue will contribute to optimizing the use of the existing DMARDs and managing individual RA patients in a more personalized manner.

This reprint offers a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the field of functional biomaterials applied to medicine. The collected articles address critical aspects of biocompatibility, the immune response, and material performance in the context of biomedical devices and implants. Special attention is given to interdisciplinary approaches that integrate materials science, biology, and clinical insights to support the safe and effective use of advanced biomaterials. Contributions cover a broad spectrum of topics, including innovations in dental implant materials, nanoparticle-based therapies, and the medical utilization of emerging biomaterials. Together, these studies underscore the challenges and solutions involved in assessing the biological behavior of functional materials and their translation into real-world clinical applications. This collection serves as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers engaged in the designing, testing, and implementation of next-generation medical biomaterials.

Daily clinical practice is introducing new devices and tools that support doctors in achieving a better diagnosis. This Special Issue shows ten application cases where an algorithm or device is proposed to provide better information to doctors and help them to get more data, leading to better diagnosis and treatment prescription. The cases described here show both hardware and software, including the use of recent artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques. Related Books Artificial Intelligence Advances for Medical Computer-Aided Diagnosis Biology & Life Sciences Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis Computer Science & Mathematics ... Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Healthcare Data Processing and Analyzing Biology & Life Sciences ... Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Medical Imaging Informatics towards Diagnostic Decision Making Public Health & Healthcare Biomedical Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Computer Science &

A collection of articles published under the guidance of Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Andrei Victor SANDU in the Special Issue "Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume II". The published articles under this Special Issue represent an excellent collection of research and review articles with cutting-edge results that promote sustainable development in the field of material engineering. Related Books Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume III Chemistry & Materials Science Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume IV Chemistry & Materials Science Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials Chemistry & Materials Science New Materials and Advanced Procedures of Obtaining and Processing Engineering Manufacturing, Characterization and Modeling of Advanced Materials Chemistry & Materials Science ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse types of ecosystems on Earth and one of the richest in terms of species interactions. This Special Issue aims to elucidate the hidden diversity of coral reefs through the description of new associations involving coral reef framework taxa. Related Books Diversity of Coral-Associated Fauna Biology & Life Sciences The Future of Coral Reefs Environmental & Earth Sciences Diversity, Biogeography and Community Ecology of Ants II Biology & Life Sciences Ecology and Biogeography of Marine Benthos Biology & Life Sciences Benthic Biodiversity from Microbes to Multicellular Organisms and Its Functional Interplays Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges P

The work included in this book focuses on precision machining and grinding processes, including milling, laser machining and polishing on various materials for high-end applications. These processes are in the forefront of contemporary technology, with significant industrial applications. Their importance is also made clear by the important works that are included in the research that is presented in the book. Some important aspects of these processes are investigated, and process parameters are optimized. This is performed in the presented works with significant experimental and modelling work, incorporating modern tools of analysis and measurements. Related Books Metal Machini—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges Engineering Advances and Trends in Non-conventional, Abrasive and Precision Machining Engineering Machining: State-of-the-Art 2022 Engineering Modern Grinding Technology and Systems Engineering Frontiers in Ultra-Precision Machining, Volume II Engineering The rec

The Special Issue “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures” has been proposed to present the recent developments in the field of the diagnostics of structural materials and components in civil and mechanical engineering. The papers highlighted in this editorial concern various aspects of non-invasive diagnostics, including such topics as the condition assessments of civil and mechanical structures and the connections of structural elements, the inspection of cultural heritage monuments, the testing of structural materials, structural health monitoring systems, the integration of non-destructive testing methods, advanced signal processing for the non-destructive testing of structures (NDT), damage detection and damage imaging, as well as modeling and numerical analyses for supporting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Related Books Non-destructive Testing in Civil Engineering Engineering Non-destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering Chemistry & Materials Science ...

This Special Issue showcases the latest developments in Space Telescopes and Payloads with a collection of seventeen papers. Hamish Reid et al present the SPARK solar space mission concept. Daniel F. Ryan et al present LISSAN, a next generation γ-ray spectroscopic imaging instrument. Ariadna Calcines Rosario et al present the first integral field spectrograph for the Extreme-Ultraviolet, SISA, and a miniaturised solar magnetograph for space.  Ellen L. Sirks et al present the data downloaded via parachute from a NASA Super-Pressure Balloon. Othman I. Younus et al present an overview of ALIGN, the Autonomous Laser Inter-Satellite Gigabit Network. Miguel Limón-González et al present on flight data for a LEO CubeSat. Chris Graham et al describe a steering mirror system with closed-loop feedback for free-space optical communication. David Orozco Suárez et al introduce CMAG. Lin Yang et al explain structural flexibility effect on spaceborn solar observation system’s micro-vibration response. Ben Campbell et al describe a new approach to satellite constellation deployment. Illia Zymak et al contribute with a high resolution mass spectrometer. Rachel Dunwoody et al present the ground-based characterisation for γ-ray burst detection on a CubeSat. Cyril Bourgenot et al contribute with topology optimisation of a single-point diamond-turning fixture for a deployable primary mirror telescope. Shawn M. Usman et al introduce the Spitzer Resurrector Mission. Uxia Garcia-Luis et al optimise space telescopes’ thermal performance and Guo-Cheng Xu et al present an on-board image enhancement technique for remote sensing payloads.

Mycotoxins—harmful compounds produced by fungi—pose serious threats to food safety and public health. This Special Issue compiles research addressing their detection, toxic effects, and mitigation. Studies have revealed that Fusarium verticillioides resists fumonisins through ceramide synthase overexpression (FUM18), and a new HPLC-FLD method now allows precise OTA measurement in mouse brain and intestine tissues. In the past, Mycotoxin contamination in hops used for brewing was widespread, though controlled storage limited some risks. Since then, machine learning models have emerged as promising tools for rapid detection, albeit with reproducibility challenges. Protective agents like quercetin, fermented whey, and plant polyphenols (e.g., catechin, epicatechin) have also demonstrated the ability to counteract mycotoxin toxicity, and research has shown that mycotoxins' stability in food varies over time and that co-ingestion factors like milk can alter absorption. The combined toxicity of mycotoxins with compounds like acrylamide may increase neurological risks, highlighting the need for deeper investigation. Despite progress, significant gaps remain in assessing human exposure, developing validated biomarkers, and using advanced human-relevant models, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary efforts to improve risk assessment and mitigation.

The research on parameterized complexity (PC), described in these peer-reviewed chapters by esteemed researchers, provides ties to practice as well as new theoretical developments, many in the direction of AI. Applications in bioinformatics and social choice are described, as well as faster, less costly approximation methods and new techniques using machine learning to find treewidth and other metrics. Many practical problems can be solved by harnessing the power of both PC and SAT solvers or integer linear programming modeled by parameterized graph problems. The extremely rapid development and deployment of PC continues to bring fresh understanding and solutions to fundamental open questions. Related Books Symmetry and Complexity 2019 Computer Science & Mathematics ... Theoretical and Computational Research in Various Scheduling Models Computer Science & Mathematics Quantum Computing Algorithms and Computational Complexity Computer Science & Mathematics Graph Algorithms and Applica

Photocatalysis represents an interesting approach for different applications, with the possibility of using sunlight as a sustainable and renewable source of energy. This technology is based on the use of a semiconductor that can be excited by light with an energy higher than its band gap, inducing the formation of energy-rich electron–hole pairs that can be involved in redox reactions. Recent progress has explored the chemical nature of structured semiconductors with the object of improving their electronic and optical properties, enhancing their photoresponse under different conditions. This Special Issue collected original research papers, reviews and commentaries focused on the challenges in the design of structured semiconductors with photocatalytic applications; thus, submissions focusing on synthesis, the characterization of new photocatalysts, studies of activity and stability, and the mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions are invited for submission. Related Books Advanced

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are economically important pests for numerous agriculture and forestry crops, representing a significant constraint on global food security and forestry health. Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.), and root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are some examples of PPNs that are ranked at the top in the list of the most economically and scientifically important species. Current approaches to controlling these PPNs include the use of nematicides, but many pose serious concerns for human health and the environment. To cope with such threats, accurate diagnostic methods for nematode detection and a deep understanding of nematode infection processes, as well as of their intricate relationships with the host plants, are crucial for the development of effective integrated nematode management programs. This Special Issue entitled “Pant Parasitic Nematodes” is a collection of 11 original papers that cover a wide range

Tumor cells commonly exhibit dependence on a single activated oncogenic pathway or protein to maintain their malignant proliferation and survival, a phenomenon called “oncogene addiction”. According to this concept, protein kinases have been identified as promising molecular targets for cancer therapy. There are several possibilities for targeting these proteins in cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, compounds able to favor the proteolytic degradation of the kinase, small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs). Moreover, new anticancer treatments have increasingly been developed focusing on tumor suppressor genes and RNA interference. Despite promising results in cancer treatment with targeted cancer drugs, clinical experience has shown that only a fraction of patients respond to targeted therapies, even if their tumor expresses the altered target. This is known as primary resistance. Otherwise, secondary or acquired resistance to the treatment arises, almost invariably, when

A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achieveme