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This Special Issue is designed to guide readers through the forefront of 21st-century storage technologies. Beginning with the physical limits of traditional semiconductor technology, we concentrate on breakthrough principles, novel materials, and innovative structures—encompassing silicon heterostructures and nanostructures, advances in nanostructure processing and integration for DRAM, as well as emerging DRAM architectures. At the same time, the materials and device mechanisms of a variety of next-generation memories—including resistive RAM (RRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and ferroelectric RAM (FRAM)—are explored. Topics such as reliability analysis and nanostructure characterization, materials computation and device simulation, logic-memory 3D integration, and innovative memory applications present studies from material growth and device fabrication to performance evaluation. We have invited leading experts in the field to share their insights and latest findings, collectively charting a blueprint for high-performance, energy-efficient, and highly scalable memory technologies that will drive the information age toward smarter, greener, and more efficient storage solutions.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.  The World Cancer Research Fund determined that the diet and nutrition conditions of the individuals are modifiable risk factors in the development of several cancers and a predominant component in the recovery and effectiveness of the treatments. Nutritional intervention is critical, but nutritional support is not widely accessible to all individuals, leading to potential nutritional risk and nutrition wasting. A multidisciplinary approach with targeted nutrition is vital to improve the quality of care in oncology. Cachexia management remains a challenge in clinical practice and malnutrition is accepted as a significant negative predictive and prognostic factor in all cancer patients. The importance of metabolic interactions within the tumours are crucial and the mechanisms by which dietary factors might increase or decrease therapeutic intervention are key factors to unravel the nutrition influences in cellul

This Special Issue serves as a valuable resource for readers seeking to delve into the exciting field of flexible and wearable electronics and contribute to their further advancements. This Special Issue presents research papers, short communications, and review articles focusing on the following themes: (1) Novel structural designs, material fabrication, signal processing, and modeling of flexible and wearable sensors applying a wide range of mechanisms to flexible and wearable electronics;(2) MEMS techniques used in the production process of wearable and flexible sensors, along with simulation analysis with theoretical modeling;(3) Multiple application scenarios utilizing multivariable flexible and wearable sensor systems. Related Books Flexible and Wearable Sensors Engineering Wearable Sensors for Human Health Monitoring and Analysis Engineering Bioelectronics & Wearable Devices: Sensing, Signal Processing and Powering Engineering Flexible Electronics Engineering Wearable Sensing

The book focuses on the diagnosis, evaluation, and assistance of gait disorders; all the papers have been contributed by research groups related to assistive robotics, instrumentations, and augmentative devices. Related Books Assistive Technologies in Care and Rehabilitation Public Health & Healthcare ... Rehabilitation and Robotics: Are They Working Well Together? Public Health & Healthcare Technology in Rehabilitative Interventions for Children Biology & Life Sciences Bionic Technology—Robotic Exoskeletons and Prostheses Engineering Assistive Technologies, Robotics, and Automated Machines in the Health Domain Public Health & Healthcare The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Pol

This Special Issue is expected to advance our understanding of these emerging patterns, teleconnections, and extreme events in a changing world for more accurate prediction or projection of their changes especially on different spatial–time scales. Related Books Hydrological Extremes in a Warming Climate: Nonstationarity, Uncertainties and Impacts Physical Sciences Hydrometeorological Extremes and Its Local Impacts on Human-Environmental Systems Biology & Life Sciences Analysis of Extreme Hydrometeorological Events Environmental & Earth Sciences Statistical Analysis and Stochastic Modelling of Hydrological Extremes Environmental & Earth Sciences Impacts of Extreme Weather on Hydrological Process, Water Quality and Ecosystem in Agricultural and Forested Watersheds under the Changing Climate Environmental & Earth Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions T

There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy agains

Building on the success of the first edition, “Two-Dimensional Materials: From Synthesis to Applications, 2nd Edition” presents a focused collection of recent advances in the science and engineering of low-dimensional materials. This reprint brings together original research and reviews that span fundamental electronic and magnetic properties, controlled synthesis, heterostructure design, energy storage, optoelectronics, catalysis, environmental remediation, and advanced characterization techniques. The volume highlights how atomic-scale structure, defects, interfaces, and dimensional confinement can be exploited to tailor transport, optical response, electrochemical activity, and surface reactivity. By integrating theoretical modeling with experimental realization and device-level demonstrations, this collection illustrates the rapid transition of two-dimensional materials from laboratory concepts to functional components in electronics, sensing, energy, and environmental technologies. Intended for researchers, graduate students, and engineers working in materials science, physics, chemistry, and nanotechnology, this reprint offers both a snapshot of the current state of the field and a guide to emerging directions shaping future applications of two-dimensional materials.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advancements in the diagnosis and management of skin cancer, encompassing melanocytic tumors, keratinocyte tumors, soft tissue tumors, sarcomas, and others. With skin cancer incidence rising globally, accurate and early diagnoses, along with novel therapeutics, are crucial public health concerns. In alignment with the shift toward precision medicine and with the goal of enhancing knowledge and contributing to improved diagnostic and management approaches for skin cancer, this issue focuses on both technological advancements in detection and advancements in therapeutic approaches to skin cancers, such as newly discovered therapeutic targets, advanced delivery systems, and novel medical devices.

Any oral and written text can be considered literature in the broadest sense of the word; and Buddhist texts are no exception. The literary quality of Buddhist texts is intimately integrated with Buddhist moral and religious teaching, and it ultimately serves soteriological goals. Buddhist influences in East and South Asian literature are first and foremost observable in the many Buddhist themes, motifs, and personalities that occupy the secular stories, while Buddhist philosophy also became seamlessly integrated with all kinds of literary genres. In terms of narrative style, Buddhism is at its most innovative in its interaction with the general population. Ever since it spread to China, Buddhism had already adopted many popular forms of communications. These popular channels were being adopted by monks who wandered and preached in the countryside, or during feasts and dharma-assemblies, thus greatly facilitating Buddhism’s spread in China. This special issue has as its goal the stud

Elemental boron has attracted researchers because of its large number of allotropes, thus providing a variety of scientific aspects within physics and chemistry. Boron compounds and boron nanomaterials have also shown various polymorphs that have been investigated as functional materials for our society. The uniqueness of the boron atom is due to its high frequency of electron multi-center bonding with neighboring atoms, which is still a significant topic in theoretical and computational research. Recently, there have been reports on the realization of two-dimensional (2D) or planar boron nanomaterials, the so-called borophenes. As expected, observations of the various 2D polymorphisms have triggered a considerable number of research lines worldwide. This reprint presents a collection of such papers at the forefront. The contributed papers are transferred from the Special Issue of “New Science of Boron Allotropes, Compounds, and Nanomaterials” in the journal Molecules. The issue was

Bioactive compounds have a range of chemical structures and biological activities. Recently, new advances regarding natural compounds were achieved, leading to their application in several areas related to human therapies. New computational methods that analyze the pharmacological potential of natural products have led to its its conversion into low toxicity molecules. This Special Issue has collected the most recent innovations in scientific research on natural products, together with the application of bioactive compounds in human health. It acts as a reference for academic researchers and health and industry professionals, particularly those working in the fields of medicinal chemistry, toxicology, phytochemistry, and natural product chemistry. Related Books Advances on Applications of Bioactive Natural Compounds Biology & Life Sciences ... Phytochemicals of Natural Products Biology & Life Sciences Biological Activity and Applications of Natural Compounds Biology & Life Sciences

Additive manufacturing (AM) or, more commonly, 3D printing is one of the fundamental elements of Industry 4.0. and the fourth industrial revolution. It has shown its potential example in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing and local on-demand manufacturing are some of the current benefits. Businesses based on AM have experienced double-digit growth in recent years. Accordingly, we have witnessed considerable efforts in developing processes and materials in terms of speed, costs, and availability. These open up new applications and business case possibilities all the time, which were not previously in existence. Most research has focused on material and AM process development or effort to utilize existing materials and processes for industrial applications. However, improving the understanding and simulation of materials and AM process and understanding the effect of different steps

In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation. Related Books CFD Modeling of Complex Chemical Processes: Multiscale and Multiphysics Challenges Engineering CFD Applications in Energy Engineering Research and Simulation Engineering CFD Applications in Energy Engineering Research and Simulation Engineering DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Related Metabolic By-Products in Cancer and Environmental Studies Biology & Life Sciences ... Application of CFD Simulations to Marine Hydrodynamic Problems Engineering ... The recommendations

Land cover and land use (LCLU) is an important component of the Earth system. It affects ecosystem services, water conservation, infectious disease outbreaks, food security, the climate system, urban forms, etc. In the last few decades, remote sensing technology has evolved dramatically for better radiometric, spatial, and spectral resolution image products. Such advances in remote sensing, together with a variety of machine- and deep learning algorithms and multiple high-performance cloud computing platforms, further provide the potential and opportunities for fine-resolution, global-scale, and dynamic LCLU mapping. In addition, along with the development of drone technology, the (near) real-time monitoring of land surface in different sectors, such as forestry and agriculture, has attracted much attention in recent years. The improved documenting of LCLU leads the scientific community to further explore the driving factors of LCLU changes and reveal the underlying mechanisms for better land use planning. This Reprint synthesizes recent advances in LCLU mapping, change detection, accuracy assessment, and driver analysis, providing important insights into the remote sensing of LCLU.

Coastal communities have become increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards due to the escalating impacts of climate change. This Special Issue brings together innovative research focused on understanding, modeling, and mitigating coastal hazards. Contributions explore topics such as storm surge prediction using ensemble neural networks, seismic-induced liquefaction behavior in coastal embankments, the role of vegetation in wave attenuation and dune erosion, and numerical modeling of scour patterns. Several studies emphasize the technological advances, including the use of GIS, remote sensing, and climate modeling to improve hazard forecasting and vulnerability mapping. Other works investigate historical cyclone trends, tsunami risk assessment, and structural responses of buildings to coastal disasters. The findings underscore the need for integrated risk reduction strategies that combine engineering, environmental, and social perspectives. This reprint provides essential insights for researchers, planners, and policymakers working to enhance coastal resilience and disaster preparedness in the face of intensifying environmental threats.

Since the publication of Lotfi A. Zadeh’s seminal paper “Fuzzy Sets” in 1965 within the journal Information and Control, there has been constant growth in the theoretical developments and practical applications of fuzzy set theory and related mathematical tools. These tools have been applied widely, both by industry and academic research, to decision-making and economics due to their versatility. On the one hand, they can efficiently represent and handle uncertain and vague information such as subjective judgements, non-precise observations on variables, or ill-defined relations between variables. On the other hand, they make implementing computations or identifying patterns in data much easier. To do so, fuzzy set theory provides a lot of mathematical techniques in fields such as fuzzy data analysis, fuzzy multiple criteria decision making, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis or fuzzy expert systems. Business management, decision-making, or the evaluation of public policies a

This Special Issue deals with a range of social and environmental applications of mathematics. First, articles deal with mediation analysis in studying the impact of socioeconomic factors on health, convergence analysis for assessing the sustainability of EU state economies using cluster analysis, access to economic independence using mutual information and kernel density information, verifying the impact of the location of residential properties in relation to poverty levels, ecosystem services in streets and spatial analysis in an economic model studying spatiotemporal interactions. The second topic discussed is environmental elements modelling, covering nonlinear models enabling the reconstruction of missing meteorological data, green and low-carbon rural development with the use of graph analysis and PM 2.5 and PM 10 prediction modelling with the Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous Model. The third is related to purifying the environment polluted by humans with the use of living o

The book is devoted to contemporary issues regarding the safety of motor vehicles and road traffic. It presents the achievements of scientists, specialists, and industry representatives in the following selected areas of road transport safety and automotive engineering: active and passive vehicle safety, vehicle dynamics and stability, testing of vehicles (and their assemblies), including electric cars as well as autonomous vehicles. Selected issues from the area of accident analysis and reconstruction are discussed. The impact on road safety of aspects such as traffic control systems, road infrastructure, and human factors is also considered. Related Books Advances in Vehicle Dynamics and Road Safety: Technologies, Simulations and Applications Engineering Performance and Safety Enhancement Strategies in Vehicle Dynamics and Ground Contact Engineering Emerging Transportation Safety and Operations Engineering Intelligent Vehicles Engineering Transport Systems: Safety Modeling, Vision

The rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 has presented unprecedented challenges on education systems. Closing schools and universities and cancelling face-to-face activities have become a COVID-19 inevitable reality in most parts of the world. To be business-as-usual, many higher education providers have taken steps toward digital transformation, and implementing a range of remote teaching, learning and assessment approaches. This book provides timely research on COVID-19 impacts on education systems and seeks to bring together scholars, educators, policymakers and practitioners to collectively and critically identify, investigate and share best practices that lead to rethinking and reframing the way we deliver education in future. Related Books Reshaping Higher Education for a Post-COVID-19 World: Lessons Learned and Moving Forward Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities Emergency Remote Teaching during COVID-19 Lockdown and Its Implications for Higher Education Institutions: An International

Over the past decade, interest in plant biostimulants has been on the rise, compelled by the growing interest of researchers, extension specialists, private industries, and farmers in integrating these products in the array of environmentally friendly tools to secure improved crop performance, nutrient efficiency, product quality, and yield stability. Plant biostimulants include diverse organic and inorganic substances, natural compounds, and/or beneficial microorganisms such as humic acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed and plant extracts, silicon, endophytic fungi like mycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria belonging to the genera Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Rhizobium. Other substances (e.g., chitosan and other biopolymers and inorganic compounds) can have biostimulant properties, but their classification within the group of biostimulants is still under consideration. Plant biostimulants are usually applied to high-value crops, mainly greenhouse crops, fruit

This reprint conceptualizes oxidative stress as a unifying molecular axis through which environmental exposure reprograms biological systems. Rather than focusing exclusively on exposure intensity, this framework underscores that the chemical composition and oxidative potential of particulate matter and related atmospheric factors critically shape cellular and systemic responses. Environmental stimuli are thus interpreted as bioactive signals that modulate redox homeostasis, innate immune activation, and tissue integrity. At the organismal level, oxidative stress functions as a central integrator linking epithelial injury, inflammatory signaling, and barrier dysfunction. Perturbation of mucosal interfaces facilitates the systemic dissemination of inflammatory mediators, extending local insults to distant organs and reinforcing self-propagating redox–inflammatory circuits. This amplification underlies the transition from localized exposure effects to chronic disease susceptibility. By assembling contributions spanning mechanistic redox biology, immune regulation, barrier integrity, and host-directed intervention strategies, this reprint provides an integrated perspective on how environmental information is molecularly encoded and biologically executed. Collectively, the articles position oxidative stress as a central organizing principle connecting environmental chemistry with cellular decision-making and systemic pathology.

This Special Issue presents a curated collection of articles exploring the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in oral and maxillofacial imaging. The contributions highlight recent advancements in machine learning, radiomics, and deep learning techniques applied to diagnostic tasks involving complex anatomical regions and diverse pathologies. Emphasis is placed on the integration of AI for improving diagnostic accuracy, supporting clinical decision-making, and enabling precision medicine in the fields of radiology and oncology. The papers also discuss technical challenges, validation strategies, and ethical considerations that accompany the clinical implementation of AI technologies. By bringing together original research and comprehensive reviews, this Special Issue offers a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and developers interested in the future directions of AI in oral and maxillofacial imaging.

In the search for sustainable city solutions, engineers face a bottleneck situation in balancing development and the intensified environmental challenges induced by scaled-up flooding, over-grown river vegetation, sediment transport, bridge and coastal scouring, and excessive pollution. The coupling impacts of uncontrolled flood and sediment to a city has caused difficulty in its management. Various numerical, theoretical, and experimental approaches have been proposed to reproduce flow and sediment transport conditions in real-world urban rivers, in order to perfect management strategies for them. This reprint, which is built from a well-planned journal’s Special Issue, aims to construct a collection of state-of-the-art studies and technologies to give insights to the related environmental, river, and sustainable city research and engineering communities. It is related and, hence, useful for environmental, river, and hydraulic engineers, authorities, and researchers to understand th

Polymers in the form of films, fibers, nano- and microspheres, composites, and porous supports are promising biomaterials for a wide range of advanced biomedical applications. This Special Issue presents novel studies and new approaches in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. It includes seven original research articles and two reviews on biomaterials based on polymeric matrices with various structures, including porous composites, nanofibrous scaffolds, meshes, and hydrogels, which can include micro- or nanoparticles (graphene nanosheets, bioactive glass, and hydroxyapatite and halloysite nanotubes). Related Books Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Chemistry & Materials Science Polymer Materials in Biomedical Application Biology & Life Sciences Advanced Polymers for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 2018 Engineering Bioceramics, Bioglasses and Gels for Tissue Engineering B