Perpustakaan Digital

This Special Issue, “Green and Sustainable Solvents II: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Giovanni Sindona on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday”, aims to collect and publish recent advances in this interdisciplinary area. Research articles as well as reviews dealing with innovative techniques, alternative solvents, byproduct valorization, and new routes for the use of green solvents in industrial applications are of interest. Manuscripts on how green solvents contribute to the development of natural products research are welcome. Molecules is very pleased to host this Special Issue, and invites scientists to submit their original contributions. Related Books Recent Advances in Green Solvents Chemistry & Materials Science Green Separation and Purification Technology Chemistry & Materials Science Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: Greener Approaches for Sustainable Chemistry Chemistry & Materials Science Development of Alternative Green Sample Preparation Techniques Chemistr

The Spanish nation has been contested almost since its conception in the early nineteenth century, and the Spanish state has therefore been involved in perpetual conflicts between various nationalisms, particularly between different versions of Spanish nationalism as well as between Spanish majority nationalism and various minority nationalisms. At different times in history, the conflicts have revived and turned into organizing principles of the political communities in Spain, as communities in conflict or contention but, nevertheless, as communities providing the Spaniards with different senses of belonging. In recent times, both lines of contention have been activated again, and in this volume, we focus particularly on the conflict between majority and minority nationalism, which has been revived from approximately 2010 around the Catalan separatist conflict, but other sub-state identities are potentially conflictual as well. Both the state-wide – Spanish – as well as the sub-state

This Reprint presents an integrated and contemporary overview of natural photosensitizers and their applications in photodynamic therapy. It brings together experimental, mechanistic, and translational studies that demonstrate how plant-derived and microbial chromophores can be harnessed to produce cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects upon controlled light activation. This Reprint highlights advances in molecular photobiology, photophysical characterization, and cellular responses, as well as innovations in nanoformulations that improve solubility, stability, and therapeutic selectivity. Particular attention is given to antimicrobial resistance, oncologic applications, and neglected diseases in which photodynamic therapy offers accessible and minimally invasive alternatives. By combining fundamental science with clinically relevant perspectives, this Reprint provides a comprehensive synthesis of current progress and emerging directions in the development of natural photosensitizers for modern photodynamic therapy.

The published scientific papers highlight the significance of utilizing the antioxidative properties found in various compounds of natural bee products. By exploring a diverse range of bioactive substances present in propolis, honey, pollen, cerumen, and other products, the authors are paving the way for sustainable beekeeping and apitherapeutic practices. Additionally, incorporating natural antioxidants into functional foods presents an innovative and promising opportunity to enhance humans' and animals' health and well-being.

There have been three recent developments in AMO and cluster science: a) new and progressively precise technologies to synthesize materials with good purity statistics for their gas-phase, as thin films, or in their liquid-phase; b) significant diversification of pump–probe laser and particle sources and related experimental techniques allowing us to access both the energy response and temporal response of the target materials in ultrafast time scales; and c) increasing the availability of high-performance computer software on ever faster computers, which can be processed in both series and parallel mode. These developments have empowered the broader AMO community to address more detailed and critical aspects of the response and relaxation processes. As a result, many groups have become involved in ever-more challenging and complex investigations, pushing the frontier of knowledge. This Special Issue will provide a forum in which to broadcast emerging research results, creating a rep

This Special Issue contains an editorial and ten papers on a range of fundamental and applied topics within the area of spider ecology and behaviour with one paper on biological control, seven papers on fundamental topics within the broad areas of ecology and behaviour, and two papers focusing on novel methodologies for studying spider behaviour. Related Books The Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Behaviour of Mites Biology & Life Sciences Phylogenomic, Biogeographic, and Evolutionary Research Trends in Arachnology Biology & Life Sciences Shark Ecology Biology & Life Sciences Silkworm and Silk: Traditional and Innovative Applications Biology & Life Sciences Conservation and Ecology of Raptors Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: B

Within the second half of the last century, quantum cosmology concretely became one of the main research lines within gravitational theory and cosmology. Substantial progress has been made. Furthermore, quantum cosmology can become a domain that will gradually develop further over the next handful of decades, perhaps assisted by technological developments. Indications for new physics (i.e., beyond the standard model of particle physics or general relativity) could emerge and then the observable universe would surely be seen from quite a new perspective. This motivates bringing quantum cosmology to more research groups and individuals.This Special Issue (SI) aims to provide a wide set of reviews, ranging from foundational issues to (very) recent advancing discussions. Concretely, we want to inspire new work proposing observational tests, providing an aggregated set of contributions, covering several lines, some of which are thoroughly explored, some allowing progress, and others much

Advanced high-strength steels play an important role in many industries and engineering applications because of the excellent combination of mechanical properties important for design, e.g., strength, fatigue, fracture, wear, and manufacturability. In many challenging applications, structural components can be subjected to severe service conditions and, therefore, high-strength steels are often the only choice in these applications. Therefore, understanding the relationships between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition, microstructural features, and manufacturing methods is pivotal to developing safe and durable structures.The goal of this book is to foster a dissemination of the latest research outcomes in the field of advanced high-strength steels from various perspectives. In this volume, a total of thirteen papers, addressing a number of important research problems and developments, have been collected, namely the relationship between microstructure and mechanic

The demand for cast iron components, with weights ranging from a few kilograms to several tons, has increased significantly in recent years, both for technical and economic reasons. In fact, the lower cost compared to other alloys, and the good castability, which allow one to obtain near-net shape components in as-cast conditions, and the mechanical properties that can be obtained, are just some of the motivations that attract mechanical designers. However, correct design requires a good knowledge of the intrinsic correlation among alloy chemical composition, process parameters, microstructure (with casting defects) and mechanical properties. This book is aimed at collecting excellent and recent research experimental and theoretical works in this filed. Technological (say, wear resistance and weldability) and mechanical properties (say, Young modulus, static and fatigue strength) of different grades of cast irons, ranging from solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron to compacted g

Botulinum toxin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for neurogenic bladder and in 2013 for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). In this Special Issue, we address the question of where we stand with this therapy a decade later. Has it prevailed and been proven useful? Which techniques have become established, and how were they optimized? Are more practical ways of distribution on the way? What acceptance problems or obstacles to long-term use might exist among patients or doctors? What are the risks? Has the therapy gained a foothold in the outpatient sector?

As a green and renewable energy source, hydrogen is considered one of the most important directions for future energy development, which has flourished globally in recent years and has broad market prospects. The large-scale utilization of renewable energy for hydrogen production cuts the cost of obtaining hydrogen. Furthermore, the continuous improvement of fuel cell technology and hydrogen storage technology strengthens the integration of hydrogen energy with smart grids and vehicles to reduce holistic carbon emissions and promote sustainable development. Conventional renewable energies, though with numerous merits, also have challenges associated with global hydrogen utilization, especially with the technologies of relevant hydrogen devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers.

Water is very important for the existence of living things. Several studies have found that clean water laden with toxic chemical (heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, pesticide residues, and perfluorooctanoic acid), radiological (radioactive elements such as uranium, cesium, and plutonium), and microbiological (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa) contaminants through unintentional and intentional means can be detrimental to living things when consumed. These contaminants could occur via anthropogenic or natural activities. Therefore, to prevent pollution and to limit the presence of conventional and emerging contaminants in various sources of water, it is imperative to devise water adaptive strategies to remediate water pollution in varied water sources, especially for climate-related pollution triggers, and to conduct routine water quality monitoring, assessment, and security evaluation to determine its useability (suitability) and associated health risks. This Special Issue

In recent years, we have been witnessing the exponential proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), networks of physical devices, vehicles, appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators and connectivity that enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Enabling the introduction of highly efficient IoT, wireless sensing and network technologies will reduce the need for traditional processes that are currently be carried out manually, thus freeing up the precious resources of dwindling working staff, to do more meaningful and human-centered work. This reprint aims to bring together innovative developments in areas related to IoT, wireless sensing and networking. The aspects covered include software-defined network (SDN)-based IoT networks, artificial intelligence (AI) for IoT, industrial IoT, smart sensors, optimization of energy efficiency for IoT, and wireless sensor networks, IoT applications for agriculture, smart cities, healthcare,

Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) has been an interesting and growing field in recent years since its beginnings in the mid-1990s. During that time, nanoimprinting has undergone significant changes and developments and nowadays is a technology used in R&D labs and industrial production processes around the world. One of the exciting things about nanoimprinting process is its remarkable versatility and the broad range of applications. This reprint includes ten articles, which represent a small glimpse of the challenges and possibilities of this technology. Six contributions deal with nanoimprint processes aiming at specific applications, while the other four papers focus on more general aspects of nanoimprint processes or present novel materials. Several different types of nanoimprint processes are used: plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate, and roll-to-roll. Plate-to-plate NIL here also includes the use of soft and flexible stamps. The application fields in this reprint are broad and can be id

Nutraceuticals are products derived from food sources with health benefits in addition to their basic nutritional values. Many of them can positively affect and enhance the immune system, which is particularly pertinent in the current turbulent times of COVID-19. Not surprisingly, nutraceutical sales rose dramatically during the pandemic period. However, much research is still needed to understand how natural products interact with the immune system to clarify their chemical compositions, mechanisms of action, and effects on health and illnesses. This Special Issue provided an open forum for researchers to share their research findings in the growing interest in nutraceuticals. We received an overwhelming response with a total of 33 submissions, of which only nine original research papers and ten reviews were accepted after rigorous peer-review. The included articles research into natural substances of interest in nutraceuticals ranging from herbal medicine to vitamins to microbiota-

Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelect

Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision (CV) are increasingly applied in smart agriculture, offering significant potential to enhance farming efficiency, reduce manual labor, and lower production costs. In livestock farming, CV and AI enable behavior monitoring to improve animal health and welfare. In crop production, they support phenotype extraction, plant organ detection, and pest management. This Special Issue (Volume 2) presents original research and reviews on topics such as agricultural sensor optimization, livestock behavior recognition, AI-based automation, agricultural robotics, and big data analytics in farming.

The field of dental materials has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, with innovative designs and applications transforming modern dental practice. This reprint, Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in dental material science, exploring underlying principles, cutting-edge technologies, and real-world applications. It is intended for dental professionals, researchers, and students who seek a deeper understanding of the materials shaping the future of dentistry. We hope that this work will inspire further exploration and innovation, bridging the gap between material design and clinical use.

Several families of Diptera are the vectors of agents that critically concern veterinary and public health. Outbreaks of diseases, such as leishmaniosis, bluetongue, dengue, and West Nile, are becoming increasingly common worldwide. This reprint contains novel information on the occurrence of mosquitoes in different habitats of Europe, Brazil, and Mexico. It also covers the molecular approaches used to assess the distribution of mosquitoes in Belgium and Africa. Studies focused on biting midges, black flies, and sand flies are also included in this reprint. Both the identification of nocturnal activity and molecular properties of Culicoides vector species in Europe as well as DNA barcoding techniques of black fly species in North Africa were conducted. Moreover, a first record of a sand fly species in Spain is documented in this reprint. Related Books Fly Biology, Ecology, Behavior and Management Biology & Life Sciences Molecular Biology of Disease Vectors Biology & Life Sciences Un

Electronics nanotechnology represents a multidisciplinary field with a very broad range of applications used to address different challenges. This reprint, through eleven original research articles, aims to acknowledge recent developments related to the fabrication and applications of nanomaterials: synthesis, characterization, and device fabrication. Related Books Nanoelectronic Materials, Devices and Modeling Engineering Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials: Selected Papers from CCMR Chemistry & Materials Science Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials: Selected Papers from CCMR Chemistry & Materials Science Electronic Nanodevices Computer Science & Mathematics ... Nanomaterials for Micro/Nano Devices Engineering The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series

The need for constant improvement to reach a high standard of safety and to make nanomaterials accessible for marketing has generated a considerable number of scientific papers that highlight new important aspects to be considered, such as synthesis, stability, biocompatibility, and easy manipulation. In order to provide a comprehensive update on the latest discoveries concerning nanomaterials, this reprint presents 14 scientific papers, 10 research articles and 4 reviews, that deal with biomedical and biotechnological applications of nanomaterials. Related Books Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Application Chemistry & Materials Science Preparation, Physico-Chemical Properties and Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles Biology & Life Sciences Functionalized Nanomaterials and Structures for Biomedical Applications Chemistry & Materials Science Advanced Nanoscience of Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications (Volume II) Medicine & Pharmacology Functional Nanomaterials for Biosen

The aim of this book is to collect breakthrough papers focusing on data supporting the view that extracellular chaperones and their related miRNA (including either those in their soluble form or those hosted in extracellular vesicles) may represent an innovative diagnostic tool in many chronic human pathologies. We will particularly focus on papers that—other than presenting solid data on the aforementioned aim—also discuss original data about mechanistic roles of these molecules inside and outside cells. Related Books microRNAs in Health and Disease Biology & Life Sciences ... Circulating Non-coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases Biology & Life Sciences Circulating Non-coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases Biology & Life Sciences The Ins and Outs of miRNAs as Biomarkers Biology & Life Sciences microRNA Regulation in Health and Disease Biology & Life Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About

River discharge is a fundamental hydrologic quantity that summarizes how a watershed transforms the input of precipitation into output as channelized streamflow. Accurate discharge measurements are critical for a range of applications including water supply, navigation, recreation, management of in-stream habitat, and the prediction and monitoring of floods and droughts. However, the traditional stream gage networks that provide such data are sparse and declining. Remote sensing represents an appealing alternative for obtaining streamflow information. Potential advantages include greater efficiency, expanded coverage, increased measurement frequency, lower cost and reduced risk to field personnel. In addition, remote sensing provides opportunities to examine long river segments with continuous coverage and high spatial resolution. To realize these benefits, research must focus on the remote measurement of flow velocity, channel geometry and their product: river discharge. This Special

The incidence of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, etc., is increasing worldwide, and they are already considered epidemics. These diseases are commonly associated with defects in insulin secretion and/or action, glucose homeostasis impairment, and lipid metabolism dysfunction. At the core of these defects is diet composition and nutritional status, as well as eating patterns. It is consensual that hypercaloric diets and some nutritional constituents contribute to the genesis of insulin resistance and to dysmetabolism, namely the consumption of sugar, fructose, and fat-enriched diets. Moreover, unhealthy eating habits such as skipping meals, replacing water with sodas, nocturnal eating, etc., have contributed enormously to the metabolic diseases’ epidemic. In this context, both peripheral dysfunctions and brain circuit alterations act in concert, impacting food behavior and the management of nutrients. This Special Issue, “Diet composition, eating habits and their impact on metabolic diseases”, highlights the effect of different eating habits on insulin action and glucose and lipid metabolism. It also unravels the mechanistic links between different diet consumption and the impact on peripheral and central circuits linked with food behavior and metabolic homeostasis.