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Dear Colleagues,In this Special Issue, "Carbohydrate-Based Drugs", we aim to collect both original articles and up-to-date reviews that focus on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of novel carbohydrate-based drugs, with a focus on carbohydrate-based prodrugs and nanosystems.As Guest Editors, we encourage researchers working in this area to contribute their recent studies to this Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals. Related Books Carbohydrate-Based Drugs Discovery Chemistry & Materials Science Carbohydrates 2018 Medicine & Pharmacology ... Drug Delivery Systems Based on Polysaccharides Chemistry & Materials Science Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties Medicine & Pharmacology Biopolymer-Based Nanosystem for Drug Delivery Biology & Life Sciences ... The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Ord

Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers f

Hydration during physical activity is a key component of both performance and safety. Several factors impact hydration, including, but not limited to: environmental conditions, such as heat and humidity; clothing and cooling strategies; individual fluid losses measured by sweat rate, sweat composition, dietary composition, and nutrition behaviors; and individual attitudes and perceptions of thirst. This Special Issue, “Hydration and Fluid Needs During Physical Activity”, discusses current knowledge and recommendations for assessing, monitoring, and maintaining sufficient hydration during exercise and sport for a diverse range of populations, sports, and conditions. It consists of eleven peer-reviewed papers that cover several aspects relevant to hydration and physical activity. Related Books Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health Public Health & Healthcare Physical Activity, Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness Public Health & Healthcare Nutrition and Athletic Performance Bi

Fermented foods are consumed all over the world and their consumption shows an increasing trend. They play many roles, from preservation to food security, improved nutrition and social well-being. Different microorganisms are involved in the fermentation process and the diversity of the microbiome is high.Fermented foods are food substrates that are invaded or overgrown by edible microorganisms whose enzymes hydrolyze polysaccharides, proteins and lipids to nontoxic products with flavors, aromas, and textures that are pleasant and attractive to the human consumer. Fermentation plays different roles in food processing, including the development of a wide diversity of flavors, aromas, and textures in food, lactic acid, alcoholic, acetic acid, alkaline and high salt fermentations for food preservation purposes, biological enrichment of food substrates with vitamins, protein, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids and detoxification during food fermentation processing. Related

The Special Issue “Assessment and Nonlinear Modeling of Wave, Tidal, and Wind Energy Converters and Turbines” contributes original research to stimulate the continuing progress of the offshore renewable energy (ORE) field, with a focus on state-of-the-art numerical approaches developed for the design and analysis of ORE devices. Particularly, this collection provides new methodologies, analytical/numerical tools, and theoretical methods that deal with engineering problems in the ORE field of wave, wind, and current structures. This Special Issue covers a wide range of multidisciplinary aspects, such as the 1) study of generalized interaction wake model systems with elm variation for offshore wind farms; 2) a flower pollination method based on global maximum power point tracking strategy for point-absorbing type wave energy converters; 3) performance optimization of a Kirsten–Boeing turbine using a metamodel based on neural networks coupled with CFD; 4) proposal of a novel semi-submers

This Special Issue reprint represents a collection of high-quality reviews and original research articles published in 2026 by Advisory Board Members, Editors-in-Chief, Editorial Board Members, Guest Editors, Topical Advisory Panel Members, Reviewer Board Members, Societies, Authors, and Reviewers from Sensors, in addition to outstanding editorials by high-profile scholars in the sensors field.

Metallic materials  have long been integral to structural applications, spanning from advanced aerospace and automotive industries to common household items. The performance of these materials is inherently linked to their microstructure, which governs their mechanical properties. Understanding the microstructure–property relationship is therefore essential for optimizing the performance and reliability of structural components across diverse applications. This Special Issue features cutting-edge research articles, including full-length papers, and comprehensive reviews, that focus on the microstructural characterization, mechanical property evaluation, and deformation behavior of commercial and advanced structural materials. We aim to provide a platform for novel insights and innovative approaches in the following areas: Microstructure evolution during processing and its influence on mechanical properties; Multiscale characterization and simulations to understand mechanical behavior; The relationship between alloy composition, heat treatment, and resultant properties; Deformation mechanisms and failure analysis in metals and alloys; Applications of metallic materials in advanced structural designs.

This Special Issue explores the brain tumor microenvironment, a complex interplay crucial for tumor behavior. We aim to achieve the following: characterize tumor microenvironment features; investigate cell–environment interactions; identify novel therapeutic targets; understand the role of extracellular vesicles; develop and validate preclinical models; and integrate advanced imaging. Gliomas, like glioblastoma, pose significant challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to therapies. By understanding the microenvironment, we can develop more effective treatments, improve patient outcomes, and advance our understanding of tumor biology.This Special Issue is for neuroscientists, oncologists, radiologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and researchers. This work builds upon research emphasizing the heterogeneity of the brain tumor microenvironment, the importance of patient-derived models, the role of extracellular vesicles in tumor progression, and the potential of artificial intelligence. By exploring these intricate interactions, we can unlock new avenues for therapeutic intervention and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

MEMS inertial devices, including MEMS gyroscopes and MEMS accelerometers, are widely used sensors in the MEMS technology and instrumentation research field. They have the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, strong batch production capacity, and good impact resistance. MEMS inertial devices have important application value and broad application prospects in the fields of national economy, national defense, and military. The development of the current information intelligence era has brought new development opportunities for MEMS inertial devices. With the progress of semiconductor processing technology and the improvement of measurement and control technology, the performance indicators of MEMS inertial devices have significantly improved, and they are replacing traditional inertial devices in more and more application areas.This special report focuses on all topics related to the structural design, manufacturing, measurement and control technology, data processing, and

Multicomponent pharmaceutical materials are solids in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This kind of pharmaceutical solid has attracted interest in the past decade as a promising alternative to the laborious and expensive process of traditional pipeline drug development. The application of crystal engineering techniques into the design of pharmaceutical salts, co-crystals, and other multicomponent materials, in addition to the achievement of more environmentally friendly synthetic approaches, has succeeded in modulating the physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, thereby working toward the enhancement of their clinical performance. This Special Issue welcomed original research articles and reviews devoted to all aspects related to the field of multicomponent pharmaceutical solids. Our interests include the fundamentals of applied research, using theoretical and experimental approaches, the development of syntheti

Buildings account for more than one-third of the global final energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The building sector offers a significant potential in the transition towards the decarbonisation of societies. To achieve this goal, different concepts and implementations of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts (NZPEBD) have emerged in the last years and are still in progress. This book is the collection of the articles published in the Special Issue “Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts” of the Buildings journal. This reprint includes 17 research articles covering different aspects of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts planning, technologies, economics, building design and retrofitting, citizen engagement, and collection of energy data. Related Books Advanced Energy Systems in Zero/Positive Energy Buildings, Communities and Districts Business & Economics ... Advanced Energy Systems in Energy Resilient, Zero/Positive Energy Buildings, Communities

This book is devoted to the teaching and learning of fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics occupies a privileged position in the sciences; it is taught in various science departments including physics, mathematics, mechanical, chemical and civil engineering and environmental sciences, each highlighting a different aspect or interpretation of the foundation and applications of fluids. While scholarship in fluid mechanics is vast, expanding into the areas of experimental, theoretical and computational fluid mechanics, there is little discussion among scientists about the different possible ways of teaching this subject. We think there is much to be learned, for teachers and students alike, from an interdisciplinary dialogue about fluids. This volume therefore highlights articles which have bearing on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics at the undergraduate and graduate level.   Related Books Teaching and Learning of Fluid Mechanics Computer Science & Mathematics ... Physical and Ma

This Special Issue contains novel results in the area of out-of-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamics. Contributions are from different areas of physics, including statistical mechanics, quantum information and many-body systems. Related Books Entropy and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics Computer Science & Mathematics ... The Entropy Production—as Cornerstone in Applied Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Chemistry & Materials Science ... Mathematical Aspects in Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Computer Science & Mathematics ... Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Strongly Correlated Systems Computer Science & Mathematics Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems Physical Sciences The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book

This Reprint, based on the Special Issue “Feature Papers for "Land Innovations—Data and Machine Learning" Section: 3rd Edition”, makes valuable contributions relating to spatial data science for obtaining, processing, analyzing, harnessing, and visualizing social, economic, environmental, and other land-related data. In particular, this Reprint presents geospatial artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for dealing with spatial big data, including remotely sensed and social media data. The publications included are theoretical, applied, or review articles; interdisciplinary studies are also featured.

This Special Issue explores the far-reaching implications of chiral symmetry in modern theoretical physics. It presents seven contributions—five research articles and two reviews—spanning topics from QCD and hadron spectroscopy to nuclear matter and chiral gauge theories. Roberts’ work on emergent mass in QCD, Meißner’s discovery of two-pole structures, and Rho’s insights into chiral-scale symmetry illustrate how symmetry principles govern nuclear and particle phenomena. Blaschke et al. address a model for interpreting lattice QCD thermodynamics of hadron–quark–gluon transitions. Fejős studies the axial anomaly’s finite-temperature dependence on both the chiral condensate and mesonic fluctuations. The mini-review by Ma and Rho connects condensed matter analogies with the structure of baryonic matter in compact stars. The final article, by Stöckinger's group, presents a comprehensive and pedagogical treatment of renormalization in chiral gauge theories using dimensional regularization, offering valuable guidance especially for researchers entering the field. Together, these works highlight both conceptual advances and methodological developments, underscoring the unifying role of chiral symmetry across energy scales and physical systems.

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in maintaining the salt and water balance of very diverse animal species under very diverse conditions. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a hormone with much more complex actions than is typical for other agonists with heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Its principal receptor, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), is distributed in many cells of the body in diverse organs, controlling the water and salt balance, vascular contractility, and blood pressure. This Special Issue provides original research papers and review articles regarding the latest insights into the complexity of the cell signaling and biological mechanisms of the RAS components to propose novel mechanisms in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. By targeting this system, works may provide novel therapeutic potential regarding cardiovascular and related diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus.

Site-specific drug delivery is among the main objectives for the optimization of pharmaceutical therapies. In particular, local drug delivery systems represent a way to avoid systemic administration, reducing the associated side effects and increasing patient compliance. In the design of local drug delivery systems, different strategies to overcome physiological barriers to obtain effective drug concentration at the target site without affecting adjacent tissues can be pursued. Physical and chemical enhancers, microneedles, and nanostructured drug delivery systems have been proposed as effective tools to influence drug release and partition in the target tissues. Innovative drug delivery systems could be based on natural or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable, endowed with stimuli-responsive behavior, and, if applicable, mucoadhesive properties. Related Books Novel Drug Delivery Systems Biology & Life Sciences ... Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Biology &

This reprint features the latest reviews and cutting-edge research articles on bio-based and natural polymers. It clearly demonstrates the increased interest in this field and will inspire researchers to further develop this field and thus contribute to more sustainable future societies. Related Books Natural Polymers and Biopolymers II Chemistry & Materials Science Development and Application of Bio-Based Polymers Chemistry & Materials Science Eco Polymeric Materials and Natural Polymer Chemistry & Materials Science Biopolymers from Natural Resources Chemistry & Materials Science Advances in Sustainable Polymeric Materials II Chemistry & Materials Science The recommendations have been generated using an AI system. About: About MDPI Books Advisory Board Legal Information: MDPI Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Use Accessibility Sales: Order and Delivery Indexing and Distribution Further Information: Book Series Reprints Book/Chapter Processing Charges Pay an Invo

It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Molecules entitled “Food Processing and Its Impact on Phenolic and other Bioactive Constituents in Food”. Bioactive compounds including phenolic ingredients have long been used as important constituents of a healthy diet. As a result, consumer awareness about the important role of high-quality products rich in bioactive compounds—especially phenolic compounds—in human nutrition, health, and prevention against diseases has increased. Additionally, methods for food processing, regardless of the technology used, have a huge impact on the quality of the final products. Therefore, the big challenges for scientists lie in the monitoring of changes during food processing and the optimization of technology to achieve the minimal degradation of nutrients (including phenolic compounds). Thus, for this Special Issue, I encourage you to read some interesting papers aimed at bringing the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the fiel

The articles published in this Special Issue reprint offer a sound update of research fields where the concepts of modular crystallography are important and provide unique keys to understand and to solve problems of structural crystallography. Polytypism, polysomatism, and twinning are fertile fields of research, and their basic principles—often coupled with the OD (order-disorder) theory—are powerful tools to solve and classify related crystal structures. Research on twinning and its consequences on structure and properties of crystalline materials is cutting-edge, e.g., dealing with relations between twin walls and piezoelectricity. Related Books Polymorphism in Crystals Engineering Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II Biology & Life Sciences ... Mineralogical Crystallography Biology & Life Sciences ... Crystal Plasticity Chemistry & Materials Science New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures Environmental & Earth Sciences The recommendations have been generated using a

Food, by nature, is a biological substrate and is therefore capable of supporting the growth of microbials that are potential producers of toxic compounds. Among them mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, plant toxins, cyanogenic glycosides, and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms pose not only a risk to both human and animal health but also impact food security and nutrition by reducing people’s access to healthy food. This book collects some of the recent key improvements of analytical methodologies for the detection of natural toxins and their metabolites in food, and highlights the challenges yet to be resolved. Special emphasis is given to emerging or less-investigated toxins, to provide the scientific community with new tools and/or data supporting a better understanding of related food safety issues. Related Books Food Safety and Natural Toxins Chemistry & Materials Science Application of Novel Methods for Mycotoxins Analysis Biology & Life Sciences ... Mycotoxins Study: Toxicology

Climate change has increased the harmful effects of abiotic factors such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, which are the main causes of the decrease in crop yields and food production worldwide. The Special Issue, “Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Plant Tolerance upon Abiotic Stress – 2nd Edition”, contains 10 papers that explore the impact of environmental stresses and tolerance mechanisms in plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance of abiotic stress is important for improving plant growth and agricultural productivity in the face of climate change. The papers in this Special Issue identify key stress response genes, transcription factors, and metabolic pathways, which are important for developing tolerant crop varieties; they also make clear that agricultural biostimulants play a key role in mitigating environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, and heavy-metal toxicity. The studies in this Special Issue enhance the field’s understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms and support agricultural sustainability.

The articles in this reprint highlight the complex interactions between climate change, human activities, and hydrological processes across diverse regions. They showcase advances in modeling, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence for assessing river dynamics, flood and drought risks, and ecosystem responses. Together, these studies reveal both the progress achieved in understanding hydrological change and the persistent challenges in forecasting, managing, and mitigating its impacts. Overall, the issue underscores the need for integrated, data-driven, and adaptive approaches to enhance water security under a changing climate.

This reprint mainly focuses on the latest challenges in PNT, especially in challenging environments for various research investigations and a range of practical applications. Topics cover high-precision and high-reliability PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors, resilient PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors in challenging environments, integrated PNT with GNSS and multi-sensor systems, and applications of PNT with GNSS or multi-source sensors.